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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What comprises the external female genitalia?
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-Mon pubis
-Labia majora -Labia minora -Vestibule -Introitus -perineum |
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What is the introitus?
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The vaginal opening
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Where is the perineum?
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Between the opening of the vagina and the anus
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What is mons pubis known as?
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The fat pad
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What makes up the internal female genitalia?
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-Vagina
-rugae -uterus -cervix |
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What the boundaries of the cervix>
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The body of the uterus to the small protrusion of the vagina
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What is the os?
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The opening of the cervix that leads to the uterus.
-Where a pap smear will be conducted |
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When can you feel the ovaries?
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Only during fertile time. Not past menopause
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What is adnexa?
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The sling of tissue holding the tubes to the uterus
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What are the 2 types of epithelium in the cervix?
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-Squamous: shiny pink, continuous with the vagina
-Columnar: deep red, resembles interior of the uterus |
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Where do most cervical cancers occur?
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At the Transformation zone (small area just surrounding the os)
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What defines menopause?
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No menses for 12 months
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What is the average age for menopause?
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45-52
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What is the common range of menarche in the US?
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9-16
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When would it be normal to see a prolapse of the urethra?
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Before menses and after menopause
-would appear dark pink/red |
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What is Cystosil?
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Prolapse of the bladder
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What is rectusil?
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rectum protruding into the vagina
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Are hernias thought to be a male or female problem?
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Primarily male, but can also be in females
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Where do hernias occur?
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in the groin
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What position must men and women be in to conduct a hernia exam?
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Standing
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How do you palpate for female hernias?
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-Palpate the labia majora just upward and lateral to the pubic tubercles
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What is urethritis?
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Inflammation of the paraurethral glands
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How do you examine for urethritis?
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-insert index finer into the vagina and mile the urethra gently from inside outward
-culture any discharge that has been "milked out" |
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What columns of vascular erectile tissue form the shaft of the penis?
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- 1 corpus spongiosum (contains urethra)
- 2 corpora cavernosa |
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What tissue forms the bulb of the penis?
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Corpus spongiosum
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Describe the glans of the penis
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The cone-shaped end of the bulb of the penis
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What is the corona of the penis?
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The expanded base of the glans
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What is covered in uncircumcised men?
What is the covering called? |
-The glans is covered
-Covered by the prepuce (foreskin) |
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What are the secretions of the glans called?
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smegma
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Describe the scrotum.
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Loose, wrinkled pouch diving into two compartments, each containing a testis
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What are the testes?
Where are the testes contained? |
-ovoid, rubbery structures ~4.5cm long.
In the scrotum |
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What is the epididymis and where is it?
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-soft, comma-shaped structure (carries sperm)
-On the posterolateral surface of testes |
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What are the landmarks of the groin?
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-anterior superior iliac spine
-pubic tubercle -inguinal ligament |
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What are we feeling during a hernia examination?
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The external inguinal ring
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What should you inspect the scrotum for?
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Tortuous veins
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When is testicular cancer most common?
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Ages of 18-35
-occurs often in bike riders |
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How do you evaluate a possible scrotal hernia?
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-If large scrotal mass is found, ask the pt to lie down. If the mass disappears it is a hernia
-If the mass remains: -listen to the mass with a stethoscope. If BOWEL sounds are heard it is a hernia |
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What is a hernia?
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Protrusion of the abdominal cavity that should be reducable (should go away when you stop bearing down)
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What is an incarcerated hernia?
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One that does not go away when not bearing down. (not reducable)
-No blood supply -can become gangrene |
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What is the most common type of hernia
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Indirect hernia
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What are indirect hernias?
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-Come down through the scrotum sac
-Have pain with straining -Will feel at external ring '-Can be congenital or aqcuired -Most common in infants and 16-20 yrs old |
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What is the most common hernia in teenagers?
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Indirect hernia
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What is the direct hernia?
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Intestine comes from behind inguinal canal
-Rarely go into the scrotum -NOT PAINFUL -Less common but seen in OVER 40 yrs old -obesity -ascitis |
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What is the most common hernias in women?
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The femoral hernia and indirect
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What is the most painful hernia?
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Femoral
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Describe Femoral hernias
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-More common the right side of the body
-Come from the femoral canal -Painful -often extrenuated and incarcerated - |
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What are the most common hernias in men?
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-Direct
-Indirect |
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What are hemorrhoids?
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When columns in the anus become varicosed.
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Describe the prostate gland
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-Bilobed, heart shaped gland
-surrounds the bladder and extra ducts -Lies in front of the anterior wall of the rectum, 2cm behind symphysis pubis |
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Describe a Rectal Polyp.
What does rectal ulcer feel like? |
-Polyp: very movable (but still needs biopsed)
-Cancer will usually have ulcerated area with raised edges and the be FIRM! |
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What is anal winking?
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When you touch the anus and it contracts
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How would you have your pt positioned for a prostate exam?
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Bent over with toes pointing toward eachother.
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