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79 Cards in this Set
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electricity
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A form of energy created by the interaction of charged particles, such as electrons and protons
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ground
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An object that can supply a very large number of electrons or can remove a very large amount of electrons from a charged object, thus neutralizing the objects
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Static electricity (static charge)
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An electric charge that stays on the surface of an object, rather than flowing away quickly. Usually caused by friction.
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Charging by Friction
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When two objects made from different materials rub against each other, producing a net static charge on each.
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Charging by Induction
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The proximity caused by a charged object being close to a neutral object produces a force on the neutral object, causing the neutral object to move (charges through the electric field).
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Charging by Contact
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Charging a neutral object by contacting it with a charged object.
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Laws of electric charges
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Like repel Opposite attract Neutral and Charged attract
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Electric circuit
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A closed path along which electrons that are powered by an energy source can flow
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Voltaic cell
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A source of energy that generates an electric current by chemical reactions involving two different metals or metal compounds separated by a solution that is a conductor
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Dry cell
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A cell that contains an electrolyte that is a paste
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Wet cell
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A cell containing a liquid electrolyte
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Solar cells
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a cell that converts sunlight into electrical energy
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Fuel cells
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A cell that generates electricity through the chemical reactions of fuel that is stored outside of the cell
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Primary cells
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Can be used only once, then discarded.
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Secondary cell
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Can be recharged many times.
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electrodes
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Two metal terminals
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Electrolyte
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A conducting solution/paste
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terminal
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Location on a cell that must be connected to other components to form a circuit
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switches
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A control device that can complete or break the circuit to which it is connected,
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Open circuit
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A circuit that includes/contains a gap or a break in the model
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Electric current
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The rate of movement of electrical charge (In an electric circuit)
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Conventional current
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Moving in the same direction as a positive current
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load
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A resistor/device that transforms electrical energy into heat, motion, sound, or light.
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volt
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The unit for potential difference equivalent to one joule per coulomb
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Ampere (A)
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The unit of electric current equivalent to one coulomb per second
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Coulomb (c)
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The quantity of charge that is equal to the charge of 6.25x1018electrons.
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multimeters
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Can be used as both voltmeters and ammeter. Different settings determine the different circuits it should be connected to.
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Ohm (omega sign)
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Unit for resistance, equivalent to one volt per ampere (v/a)
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Circuit diagrams
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are diagrams using standard symbols to represent the components in an electric circuit and their connections
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Series circuit
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A circuit in which electrons can flow along a single path. Series connections are the components that connect to the conducting wires.
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Parallel circuit
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A circuit in which the electrons can flow in multiple paths. Parallel connections are parts of the circuit including more than one pathway
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ammeter
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Measures the current (in amperes, A) at a specific location in a circuit.Always connected in series.
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voltmeter
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Measures the potential difference (in volts,V) between two points in a circuit. It measure the electric potential on one side of a load (bulb/resistor) and the electric potential on the other side.
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Ohm’s Law (R=V/I)
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The ratio of potential difference to current is a constant called resistance
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Calculating Ohm’s Law
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Calculate resistance: V/I=RCalculate potential difference: V=IR(x)Calculate Current: V/R=I
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Non-omic
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Not following ohm’s law
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Superconductors
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Materials through which electric charges can flow with no resistance
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Alternating currents
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Current in which electrons move back and forth in a circuit
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Direct currents (DC)
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Is a current in which charged particles travel through a circuit in only one direction
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Circuit breakers
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safety devices that are placed in series with other circuits which lead to appliances and other outlets
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fuse
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A safety device found in older buildings and appliances; like a circuit breaker, it’s placed in series with other circuits that lead to appliances and outlets.
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transformer
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A device that changes potential difference (only work with alternating current)
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Lightning rod
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A metal sphere or point attached to the highest part of a building and connected to the ground. Reduces the chances of a lightning strike.
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Electrostatic precipitator
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Removes unwanted dust particles and liquid droplets from a flow of gas
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Electrostatic separator
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Uses induced charges to separate the particles that have different masses.
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Electric field
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A property of the space around a charged object, where the effect of its charge can be felt by other objects
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electroscope
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A device used to detect an electric current using metal leaves
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Induced charge separation
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The movement of electrons in a substance, caused by the electric field of a nearby charged object.
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insulator
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A material in which electrons cannot move easily from one atom to another
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conductor
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A material in which electrons can move easily between atoms
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semiconductor
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A material in which electrons can move fairly well between atoms
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Electrostatic series table
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Describes how strongly different materials hold onto their electrons
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resistor
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A device used in an electric circuit to decrease the current through a component by a specific amount
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Electrical resistance
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The property of a substance that hinders electric current and converts electrical energy to other form of energy
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switches
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Control devices that can complete or break the circuit to which it’s connected
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Base load
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The continuous minimum demand for electrical power
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Peak load
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The greatest demand for electricity which is met by using hydroelectric power.
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Intermediate load
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A demand for energy greater than the base load (met by burning coal)
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Photovoltaic effect
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The generation of a direct current when certain materials are exposed to light
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current
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The movement of electrical energy.
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Potential difference
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(voltage) the difference between the electric potential energy per unit of charge at two points in a circuit
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Positive (protons)
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Any object with fewer electrons than protons has a positive charge.
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Negative (electrons)
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Any object with more electrons than protons is negatively charged.
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lightning
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A sudden electrostatic discharge
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Distribution panel
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A control panel that distribute electricity
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Electricity meter
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Measures the amount of electricity in a current
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Van de Graaff generator
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Generator capable of generating very large charges
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Radiation dosimeter
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A small device that detects and measures exposure to radiation
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Factors that affect resistance in wires
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Material, temperature, length, thickness.
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EnerGuide
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A label that gives details about how much energy an appliance uses in one year of normal use
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Electrical energy
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The energy that is used by an appliance at a given setting determined by multiplying the power rating of an appliance by the length of time it is used
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AC source |
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ammeter |
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cell |
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battery |
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bulb |
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resistor |
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switch |
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voltmeter |