Phys Shelf

Front 1

Cardiac Output (Ohm's)

Back 1

CO = (Pa - RAP)/TPR

Front 2

Resistance

Back 2

R = (8nl)/[(pi)*r^4]

Front 3

compliance

Back 3

C = V/P

Front 4

Cardiac Output (basic)

Back 4

CO = SV * HR

Front 5

Cardiac Output via measurement

Back 5

(O2 consumption)/(O2 pulv. - O2 pula)

Front 6

Ejection fraction

Back 6

SV/EDV

Front 7

Starling Equation

Back 7

J= K[Pc-Pi) - (piC - piI)]

Front 8

Physiologic Dead Space

Back 8

(TV) * [(PACO2 - PECO2)/PACO2)]

Front 9

alveolar ventilation

Back 9

(TV - Dead space) * breaths/min

Front 10

Renal clearance

Back 10

C = UV/P

Front 11

GFR

Back 11

INULIN CLEARANCE (UV/P)

Front 12

free water clearance

Back 12

CH20 = V-Cosm

Front 13

HH equation

Back 13

pH = pK + log(A-/HA)

Front 14

serum anion gap

Back 14

Na - (Cl+HCO3)

Front 15

sigma (lc)

Back 15

reflection coeficient (near 1 = imperm like ALBUMIN).

near 0 = UREA.

Front 16

equilibrium potential

Back 16

61*log(Ci/Co) if charge is +2, divide 61 by 2... etc.

Front 17

equilibrium potentials; Na, Cl, K, and Ca

Back 17

Na = 65
Ca = 120
K = -85
Cl = -85

Front 18

Botulinum

Back 18

block Ach release at NM junction

Front 19

Curare

Back 19

competes for Ach bind site at NM junction

Front 20

epi metabolites

Back 20

DOMA, NMN, MOPEG, VMA

Front 21

Dopamine

Back 21

D1 --> Gs

D2 --> Gi:
Parkinsons --> destroy D2 rec.
Sciz --> increase D2 rec.

Front 22

GABA

Back 22

Glu --> GABA via Glu decarbox...

GABAa --> increase Cl- conduction (benzodiaz, barbituate site).

GABAb --> increase K conduction

Front 23

osmolarity

Back 23

g*C; g = 2 if NaCl, etc.

Front 24

Oncotic pressure

Back 24

g*C*RT.... multiply by sigma (reflection) to get "effective" oncotic pressuer.

Front 25

blood velocity

Back 25

flow/area

Front 26

capacitance

Back 26

V/P; analgous to distensibility (veins have highest); as opposed to elastance.

Front 27

Pulse Pressure major influence

Back 27

Influenced most by stroke volume

aorta has low capacitance.

Front 28

MAP

Back 28

diastolic + (1/3 * pulse pressure)

Front 29

Sympathetic action on heart

Back 29

Beta1... incerases HR, conduction velocity at AV, and contractility.

Front 30

PSNS on heart

Back 30

via M3... decreases HR, conduction velocity at AV, and contractility.

Front 31

dromotropic effect

Back 31

affects AV conduction velocity.

Front 32

negative dromotropic effect mechanism

Back 32

decreases conduction velociity through AV node.

Increases PR interval. via decreasing inward Ca2+ current and increasing outward K current.

Front 33

negative chronotropic effect mech.

Back 33

decreased If currents.

slow HR.

Front 34

Catecholamines actions on heart (mechanism and receptor)

Back 34

B1.

increases force of contraction:
1. increases inward Ca2+ current during plateau.

2. Increases activity of calcium pump in SR by phosphorylation of phospholamban.

Front 35

Ach mechanism on heart

Back 35

M3 PSNS stimulation.

decreases force of contraction in ATRIA by decreasing inward Calcium current during plateau.

Front 36

Preload

Back 36

EDV (RIGHT ATRIAL PRESSURE).

Front 37

Afterload

Back 37

Aortic pressure

Front 38

mean systemic pressure

Back 38

pont at which vascular function curve intersects x axis.

RAP when "no flow" in cardiovascular system...

happens if you increase preload beyond effiecency point... (when CO levels off).

Front 39

S1

Back 39

AV valves close; mitral can close before tricuspid (splits)

Front 40

S2

Back 40

aortic valve closes and pulmonary valve (inspiration = split S2).

Front 41

S4

Back 41

filling of ventricle by atriole systole.

not heard in normal adults.

Front 42

S3

Back 42

during ventricular filling (not contraction of atria); indicates disease in adults, normal in kids.

Front 43

Angiotensin II effects on kidneys:

Back 43

direct --> PCT H/Na exchange (contraction alkalosis).

indirect --> through aldosterone... Na reabsorb in CD.

Front 44

ADH mechanisms

Back 44

1. V1 receptor -- vasoconstriction of arterioles.

2. V2 -- increase water resorb in distal tubules and CDs.

Front 45

ANP

Back 45

relaxes vascular SMCs, decreases TPR.

causes excretion of Na and water by kidney.

inhibits renin secretion.

Front 46

active hyperemia vs reactive hyperemia

Back 46

active --> icnrease flow in response to metabolic demand.

reactive --> increase flow because it hasn't gotten blood (ischemia).

Front 47

histamine

Back 47

arteriolar dilation

venous constriction.

Front 48

bradykinin

Back 48

arteriolar dilation and venous constriction

Front 49

seratonin (cardiovascular)

Back 49

constriction

Front 50

prostacyclin

Back 50

vasodilator in several vascular beds

Front 51

PGE

Back 51

vasodilators

Front 52

PGF

Back 52

vasoconstrict

Front 53

TXA2

Back 53

vasoconstrict

Front 54

vasodilator metabolites in skeletal muscle

Back 54

lactate, potassium, adenosine.

Front 55

COPD and asthma vs FIBROSIS WRT FEV1/FVC

Back 55

COPD.... both decreases... ratio decreases.

Fibrosis... FEV1 decreases, but NOT AS MUCH AS FVC... therefore ratio elevated or normal.

Front 56

BUN and Creatinine

Back 56

BUN high (ratio) --> indicates bad flow to kidney.

BUN low (ratio low) --> overhydration from IV fluids...

Front 57

PAH

Back 57

secreted substance

at plasma concetrations LOWER than Tm, PAH CLEARANCE measures RENAL PLASMA FLOW.

Front 58

Total body water

Back 58

tritiated water, D20

Front 59

Extracellular water

Back 59

inulin, mannitol, sulfate

Front 60

plasma water

Back 60

evan's; radioactive albumin.

Front 61

Renal BLOOD flow

Back 61

RPF/(1-Hct)

Front 62

renal plasma flow

Back 62

PAH UV/C

Front 63

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors...

Back 63

inhibit HCO3- reabsorption in early PT (Na/H coutnertransport - Na into cell, H into lumen).

Front 64

Thiazide diuretics

Back 64

inhibit Na/Cl coport in EARLY DISTAL TUBULE.

Front 65

Loop diuretics

Back 65

act on Na/2Cl/K+ coportand inhibit...

furosamide.

Front 66

potassium sparing diuretics

Back 66

act on late DT/ collecting ducts at principle cells (nml action is Na/H20 resorb, K+ out)...

Front 67

phosphate reabsorption

Back 67

most reabsorbed in PT via Na coport.

Front 68

calcium reabsorption

Back 68

PT and thick limb (ascending) get 90%.

loop diuretics can therefore inhibit calcium reabsorption!.

DT gets remaining calcium. PTH site of action... thiazides inhibit Ca in DT.

Front 69

Mg reabsortb

Back 69

in PT, thick ascending limb, and distal tubule.

competes with calcium in thick ascending limb.

Front 70

isoproterinol

Back 70

alpha and beta AGONIST.

Front 71

phentolamine

Back 71

alpha blocker

Front 72

propanolol

Back 72

beta blocker

Front 73

albuterol

Back 73

beta2 AGONIST.

Front 74

sprinolactone

Back 74

aldosterone antagonst

Front 75

atropine

Back 75

muscarinic antagonist.

Front 76

17,20 lyase

Back 76

androgenics in adnrenals... inhibit thisw and other products still okay.