Phys Exam 3

Front 1

Front (Term)

The brain: sensory receptors -> sensory ________ over ___________ nerves -> motor __________ over ____________ nerves

Back 1

Back (Definition)

Input over cranial nerves. Motor output over cranial nerves

Hint 1

Sensory -> SENTIR -> to feel -> input

Motor -> run -> output

Front 2

Front (Term)

The spinal cord: sensory receptors -> sensory input over ___________ nerves -> ___________ centers in __________ ___________ -> motor output over ________ ________

Back 2

Back (Definition)

Spinal nerves

Reflex centers in spinal cord

Spinal nerves

Hint 2

Spinal cord = nerves = movement = r__________

Front 3

Front (Term)

White mater (location)

Back 3

Back (Definition)

Outer

Hint 3

White snow is found __________

Front 4

Gray mater (location)

Back 4

Inner

Hint 4

You're depressed when you feel grey __________

Front 5

Filum terminale

Back 5

End of spinal cord and provides longitudinal support to spinal cord

Hint 5

Terminale = end

Terminators _______ get rid of bugs

Front 6

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Back 6

31

Front 7

Dorsal root contains __________ of ___________ neurons

Back 7

Axons of sensory neurons

Hint 7

DORSAL

Front 8

Dorsal root ganglion contain _________ neuron cell __________

Back 8

Sensory neuron cell bodies

Hint 8

Gangs kill people -> ghetto word for dead people or people you have sex with -> _________

Also, hoes are s____________

Front 9

Ventral root contains axons of ________ neurons

Back 9

Motor

Hint 9

ventral = vroom = car =

Front 10

Spinal nerve contains axons of ______________________________

Back 10

Both sensory and motor neurons

Front 11

Anterior median fissure

Back 11

Deep groove along anterior surface

Front 12

White mater contains large numbers of _________________ & _______________________ axons

Back 12

Myelinated and u myelinated

Front 13

Gray mater is dominated by cell ___________ of neurons, neuroglia, and _____________ axons

Back 13

Cell bodies and unmyelinated Axons

Front 14

3 meningeal layers

Back 14

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, Pia mater

Hint 14

DAP

Front 15

The epidural space

Back 15

Between the periosteum of the vertebral canal & the dura mater

Front 16

Subarachnoid space

Back 16

Between the arachnoid mater & the Pia mater

Front 17

The subarachnoid space contains _______________ ____________

Back 17

Cerebrospinal fluid

Front 18

(Gray mater) horns

Back 18

Projections towards outer surface of spinal cord

Front 19

3 types of horns (gray mater)

Back 19

Posterior/dorsal, lateral & anterior/ventral

Hint 19

P.A.L

Front 20

Posterior horn contains somatic & visceral ______________ nuclei

Back 20

Sensory

Front 21

Lateral horn contains visceral/autonomic ________ nuclei

Back 21

Motor

Hint 21

Autonomic = automobile = car =__________

Front 22

Anterior horn contains somatic _________ nuclei

Back 22

Motor

Front 23

Nuclei

Back 23

Groups of neuronal cell bodies in CNS

Front 24

Sensory nuclei

Back 24

Receive & relay sensory information

Front 25

Motor nuclei

Back 25

Issue motor commands to peripheral effectors

Front 26

(White mater) columns

Back 26

Areas of white mater on spinal cord sides

Front 27

3 types of columns (white mater)

Back 27

Posterior, lateral, anterior

Hint 27

PLA

Front 28

Tracts

Back 28

Bundle of axons relatively uniform in diameter, myelination, conduction speed and functional type

Front 29

2 types of tracts

Back 29

Ascending and descending

Front 30

Ascending tracts

Back 30

Carry sensory information towards the brain

Front 31

Descending tracts

Back 31

Convey motor commands to spinal cord

Front 32

3 connective tissue layer of a spinal nerve in order from outermost covering to innermost covering

Back 32

Epineurium, perineurium, endoneurium

Hint 32

EPE

Front 33

Fascicles

Back 33

Bundles of axons

Front 34

Motor commands go through the ____________ root

Back 34

Ventral

Front 35

Sensory information goes through the ___________ root

Back 35

Dorsal

Front 36

Nerve plexus (definition)

Back 36

Complex interwoven network of nerves

Front 37

4 types of nerve plexus

Back 37

Cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus and sacral plexus

Hint 37

CBLS

Front 38

Interneurons in CNS are organized into _____________ pools

Back 38

Neuronal

Front 39

Neural circuit in PNS and spinal cord controls ______________

Back 39

Reflexes

Front 40

2 common neural circuit patterns

Back 40

Divergence and convergence

Front 41

Divergence neural circuit patterns spread info from _____ neuron to ________

Back 41

One to many

Front 42

Convergence neural circuit patterns: several neurons synapse on a single ____________ neuron

Back 42

Post synaptic

Front 43

Reflex

Back 43

Rapid, automatic responses to specific stimuli

Front 44

5 parts of a reflex arc

Back 44

Sensory receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons, effector organs

Hint 44

SR, SN, I, MN, EN

Front 45

5 steps of simple withdrawal reflex

Back 45

1. Arrival of stimulus and activation of receptor

2. Activation of sensory neuron

3. Information processing

4. Activation of motor neuron

5. Response of peripheral effector

Front 46

Stretch reflex (mono synaptic reflex)

Back 46

Provides automatic regulation of skeletal muscle length

Front 47

Steps of the mono synaptic reflex

Back 47

1. Arrival of stimulus

2. Activation of sensory neuron

3. Information processing in the CNS

4. Activation of motor neurons

5. Response of peripheral effector

Front 48

GOLGI tendon organs

Back 48

Respond to increased tension within tendons and cause skeletal muscles to relax

Front 49

Golgi tendon organ is the receptor > ______________ neuron> _________________ interneuron> ____________ neuron> muscle ____________ to relieve tension applied to tendon

Back 49

Sensory

Inhibitory

Motor

Relaxation

Front 50

Polysynaptic reflexes

Back 50

Response for automatic actions involved in complex movements (ie walking and running)

Front 51

Ipsilateral reflexes (part of polysynaptic reflexes)

Back 51

Sensory and motor responses on same side of body

Hint 51

IPSILATERAL

Front 52

Contralateral reflexes

Back 52

Sensory and motor responses on opposite sides of body

Hint 52

CONTRALATERAL

Front 53

4 major brain regions

Back 53

Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem

Front 54

Functions of the cerebrum (3)

Back 54

Conscious thought, memory (storage and processing), regulation of skeletal muscle contracting

Hint 54

C.E.R.EBRU.M

Front 55

Function of cerebellum

Back 55

Coordination of motor commands from cerebral cortex

Hint 55

C.erebellu.M

Front 56

2 parts of the Diecephalon

Back 56

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Hint 56

The Diecephalon

Front 57

Function of thalamus

Back 57

Relay and processing center for sensory information

Front 58

Function of hypothalamus

Back 58

Contains centers involved with emotions, autonomic functions and hormone production

Front 59

3 parts of brain stem

Back 59

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Front 60

Function of midbrain

Back 60

Maintain consciousness, coordinates visual and auditory reflexes

Front 61

Function of pons

Back 61

Connects cerebellum to brain stem, somatic and visceral motor control

Front 62

Functions of the medulla oblongata

Back 62

Contains major centers that regulate autonomic functions (ie: heart rate and BP)

Hint 62

Heart rate & blood pressure

Front 63

Fissures

Back 63

Deep grooves that divide hemispheres

Front 64

Gyri

Back 64

Folds in cerebral cortex that increase surface area

Hint 64

S.A

Front 65

Sulci

Back 65

Shallow depressions in cerebral cortex that separate adjacent gyri

Front 66

Cerebrospinal fluid

Back 66

Completely surrounds and bathes CNS exposed surfaces

Front 67

________________ _______________ controls visceral and autonomic functions such as cardiovascular centers and respiratory rhythmicity center

Back 67

Medulla oblongata

Front 68

The Pons contains 3 parts

Back 68

Tracts, respiratory centers and reticular formation

Front 69

Most complex and integrative portion of the brain stem?

Back 69

Midbrain

Front 70

Reticular activating system (RAS)

Back 70

Specialized part of reticular formation, damage causes unconsciousness

Front 71

Red nucleus (in midbrain)

Back 71

Receives information from cerebrum and cerebellum, issues commands that affect upper limb position and background muscle tone

Front 72

Automatic processing center that monitors proprioceptive, visual, tactile, balance and auditory sensations

Back 72

Cerebellum

Front 73

2 primary functions of the cerebellum

Back 73

Adjusting postural muscles (to maintain balance and equilibrium) and programming fine tuning movements

Front 74

Ataxia

Back 74

Disturbance of muscular coordination from trauma, stroke, or drugs like alcohol

Front 75

CEREBELLAR COMPARATOR FUNCTION:

Motor commands from ____________ cortex > LMN brings AP to skeletal ___________ > proprioceptive feedback from muscles and joints return to c____________ > compares info and then > cerebellum sends AP's to LMN in cord and motor cortex to make movements ______________

Back 75

Motor

Muscle

Cerebellum

Smooth

Front 76

Preoptic area in hypothalamus

Back 76

Regulates body temperature through adjustments in blood flow and sweat gland activity

Front 77

Suprachiasmatic nucleus in hypothalamus

Back 77

Coordinates day-night cycles of activity/inactivity

Front 78

Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into regions called

Back 78

Lobes

Front 79

Central sulcus

Back 79

Dividing anterior frontal lobe from posterior parietal lobe

Front 80

Specialized functional regions in cerebral hemispheres (4)

Back 80

Motor cortex

Sensory cortex

Visual cortex

Auditory cortex

Front 81

Integrative centers are concerned with performance of ___________ processes such as speech, writing, math and spatial relationships and are restricted to either ___________ or ___________ hemispheres

Back 81

Complex

Left or right

Front 82

Cranial nerves can be classified as: (4)

Back 82

Sensory, special sensory, motor and mixed

Front 83

Are Tonic receptors active or inactive ?

Back 83

Always active

Front 84

Are Tonic receptors active or inactive ?

Back 84

Always active

Front 85

Are phasic receptors active or inactive

Back 85

Normally inactive

Front 86

Adaptation:

_______________ in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus

Back 86

Reduction

Front 87

2 types of adaptations

Back 87

Peripheral adaptation

Central adaptation

Front 88

Peripheral adaptations occur at the _____________, receptor activity ________________ with time

Back 88

Receptor

decreases

Front 89

Peripheral adaptations occur at the _____________, receptor activity ________________ with time

Back 89

Receptor

decreases

Front 90

Central adaptation occurs along the __________ sensory pathways and general involves _______________ nuclei along pathway

Back 90

CNS

INHIBITORY

Front 91

Sharp, well localized, pricking, cutting pain is what type of pain?

A. Fast

B. Slow

Back 91

A. Fast pain

Front 92

Sharp, well localized, pricking, cutting pain is what type of pain?

A. Fast

B. Slow

Back 92

A. Fast pain

Front 93

Full, burning, aching, diffuse pain is what type of pain?

A. Fast pain

B. Slow pain

Back 93

B. Slow pain

Front 94

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM:

1. Voluntary/involuntary control over skeletal muscles

2. ______(#) neuron between CNS & _________________ organ

3. LMN may be controlled by reflexes and upper __________ neurons

Back 94

Voluntary

One

Effector

Motor

Front 95

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

1. Voluntary or involuntary

Back 95

Involuntary

Front 96

Preganglionic neurons are cell bodies in the _________

Back 96

CNS