Phys Dx Ii Exam I

Front 1

A temporary myocardial ischemia, usually secondary to coronary atherosclerosis.

Back 1

Angina pectoris

Front 2

Prolonged myocardial ischemia, resulting in irreversible muscle damage or necrosis.

Back 2

Myocardial infarction

Front 3

Irritation of parietal pleura adjacent to the pericardium. (Sometimes the mechanism is unclear.)

Back 3

Pericarditis

Front 4

A splitting within the layers of the aortic wall, allowing passage of blood to dissect a channel.

Back 4

Dissecting aortic aneurysm

Front 5

Inflammation of trachea and large bronchi.

Back 5

Tracheobronchitis

Front 6

Inflammation of the parietal pleura, as in pleurisy, pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, or neoplasm.

Back 6

Pleuritic pain

Front 7

Inflammation of the esophageal mucosa by reflux of gastric acid.

Back 7

Reflex esophagitis

Front 8

Motor dysfunction of the esophageal muscle.

Back 8

Diffuse esophageal spasm

Front 9

Elevated pressure in pulmonary capillary bed with transudation of fluid into interstitial spaces and alveoli, decreased compliance of the lungs, increased work of breathing.

Back 9

Left-sided heart failure
(left vent. failure or mitral stenosis)

Front 10

Excessive mucus production in bronchi, followed by chronic obstruction of the airways.

Back 10

Chronic bronchitis

Front 11

Overdistention of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, with destruction of alveolar septa and chronic obstruction of the airways.

Back 11

COPD

Front 12

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness involving release of inflammatory mediators, increased airway secretions, and bronchoconstriction.

Back 12

Asthma

Front 13

Abnormal and widespread infiltration of cells, fluid, and collagen into interstitial spaces between alveoli. (Many causes.)

Back 13

Diffuse interstitial lung diseases
(i.e. sarcoidosis, neoplasms, asbestosis, and isiopathic pulmonary fibrosis)

Front 14

Leakage of air into pleural space through blebs on visceral pleura, with resulting partial or complete collapse of the lung.

Back 14

Spontaneous pneumothorax

Front 15

Sudden occlusion of all or part of pulmonary arterial tree by a blood clot that usually originates in deep veins of legs or pelvis.

Back 15

Acute pulmonary embolism

Front 16

Overbreathing, with resultant respiratory alkalosis and fall in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Back 16

Anxiety with hyperventilation

Front 17

COUGH - Dry cough (without sputum), may become productive of variable, often associated with nasopharyngitis.

Back 17

Laryngitis
COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 18

COUGH - Dry cough, may become sputum productive, often with burning retrosternal discomfort.

Back 18

Tracheobronchitis
COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 19

COUGH - Dry hacking cough, often becoming mucoid sputum productive, an acute febrile illness often with malaise, ha, and possibly dyspnea.

Back 19

Mycoplama and viral pneumonias
COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 20

COUGH - Sputum mucoid or purulent (may be blood-streaked, diffusely pinkish, or rusty).

Back 20

Bacterial pneumonia (pneumococcal)
COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 21

COUGH - Similar to pneumococcal, or sticky, red, and jelly like; typically in alcoholic men.

Back 21

Bacterial pneumonia (Klebsiella)
COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 22

COUGH - Chronic cough, sputum mucoid or mucopurulent, constant clearing of the throat, associated with chronic rhinitis.

Back 22

Postnasal drip
COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 23

COUGH - Chronic cough, sputum mucoid to purulent, may be blood-streaked or even bloody, often assoc. with long-time smoking.

Back 23

Chronic bronchitis
COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 24

COUGH - Chronic cough; sputum purulent, often copious and foul-smelling; may be blood-streaked or bloody; recurrent bronchopulmonary infections common, sinusitis may exist.

Back 24

Bronchiectasis<BR>COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 25

COUGH - Dry cough or sputum that is mucoid or purulent; may be blood-streaked or bloody. Early - no symptoms / Later - anorexia, fatigue, fever, night sweats, weight loss.

Back 25

Pulmonary TB
COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 26

COUGH - Sputum purulent and foul-smelling; may be bloody; A febrile illness, sometimes assoc. with poor dental hygiene and a prior episode of impaired conciousness.

Back 26

Lung abcess
COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 27

COUGH - Cough with thick mucoid sputum; episodic wheezing and dyspnea, but cough may occur alone, often accompanied by allergies.

Back 27

Asthma
COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 28

COUGH - Chronic cough, especially at night or early morning; wheezing especially at night, often hx of heartburn and regurgitation.

Back 28

Gastroesophageal reflux
COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 29

COUGH - Dry cough to productive; sputum may be blood-dtreaked or bloody; usually assoc. with long-term smoking.

Back 29

Lung cancer
COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 30

COUGH - Often dry, especially on exertion or at night; may progress to the pink frothy sputum of pulm edema or to a frank hemoptysis; assoc with dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

Back 30

Left ventricular failure or Mitral stenosis<BR>COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 31

COUGH - Dry to productive, may be dark, bright red, or mixed with blood; assoc. with dyspnea, anxiety, chest pain, fever, factors that predispose to deep vein thrombosis.

Back 31

Pulmonary emboli
COUGH CHARACTERISTICS

Front 32

A process in which the alveoli fill with fluid, red cells, and white cells (often seen in pneumonia).

Back 32

Consolidation

Front 33

A sound which occurs when air flows rapidly through bronchi that are narrowed nearly to closure.

Back 33

Wheezing

Front 34

A wheeze that is entirely or predominantly inspiratory, often louder over the neck, indicates a partial obstruction of trachea or larynx; requires immed attention.

Back 34

Stridor

Front 35

A sound caused by inflamed and roughened pleural surfaces grating against each other.

Back 35

Pleural rub

Front 36

aka Hamman's sign

Back 36

aka Mediastinal crunch

Front 37

A series of precordial crackles synchronous with the heart beat, not with respiration. Best heard in the left lateral position, it is due to pneumomediastinum.

Back 37

Mediastinal crunch
aka Hamman's sign

Front 38

Crackles heard during inspiration, usually fine, fairly profuse, appear first in base of lungs and spread up as cond worsens, and shift to dependent regions with changes in posture; causes include interstitial lung disease (i.e. fibrosis) and early congestive heart failure.

Back 38

Late inspiratory crackles

Front 39

Coarse crackes heard on inspiration, relatively few in numbers, sometimes assoc with expiratory crackles; causes include chronic bronchitis and asthma.

Back 39

Early inspiratory crackles

Front 40

Deformity in which the sternum is displaced anteriorly, costal cartilages adjacent to the sternum are depressed.

Back 40

Pigeon chest
aka Pectus carinatum

Front 41

aka Funnel chest

Back 41

aka Pectus excavatum

Front 42

A deformity in which multiple rib fractures may result in paradoxical movements of the thorax; on inspiration the injured area caves inward, expiration moves out.

Back 42

Traumatic flail chest

Front 43

When a plug in a mainstem bronchus (mucus or foreign body) obstructs air flow, affected lung tissue collapses into a airless state.

Back 43

Atelectasis

Front 44

A condition when air leaks into the pleural space, usually unilaterally, the lung recoils from the chest wall. Pleural air blocks transmission of sound.

Back 44

Pneumothorax

Front 45

A condition when fluid accumulates in the pleural space, separates air-filled lung from the chest wall, blocking the transmission of sound.

Back 45

Pleural effusion