Phys/chem Mcat

Front 1

saponification

Back 1

process of making soap

molecule must contain hydrophillic and hydrophobic regions

Front 2

z configuration

Back 2

"zame zide" all high priority groups are on the same side of the double bond (cis)

Front 3

conjugation

Back 3

one single bond between double bonds

increases stability due to resonance

Front 4

reducing number of double bonds

Back 4

must have hydrogen donor

Front 5

condensation reaction

Back 5

aka dehydration synthesis, is when two molecules or moieties (functional groups) combine to form a larger molecule, together with the loss of a small molecule

Front 6

oxidation

Back 6

oxygen content increases, or

hydrogen content decreases,

or loss of electrons

Front 7

number of stereoisomers

Back 7

2^number of chiral carbons

Front 8

chiral center

Back 8

carbon bonded to four DIFFERENT substituents, not just four substituents

Front 9

anabolic reaction

Back 9

building up a molecule

requires energy input (an exergonic reaction)

Front 10

Lewis Acid

Back 10

accepts an electron pair

Front 11

Lewis Base

Back 11

donates an electron pair

Front 12

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

Back 12

proton donor

Front 13

Bronsted-Lowry Base

Back 13

proton acceptor

Front 14

Arrhenius Acid

Back 14

when added to water, increases the H+ concentration

Front 15

Arrhenius Base

Back 15

when added to water, increases the OH- concentration

Front 16

tautomerization

Back 16

rearrangemnt of atoms in a molecule while preserving the molecular formula

Front 17

static friction

Back 17

the force that must be overcome to set an object in motion

Front 18

kinetic friction

Back 18

opposes the motion of objects moving relative to each other

Front 19

power

Back 19

the rate at which work is performed

Front 20

linear expansion

Back 20

the increase in length by most solids when heated

Front 21

volume expansion

Back 21

the increase in volume of fluids when heated

Front 22

conduction

Back 22

the direct transfer of energy via molecular collisions

Front 23

convection

Back 23

the transfer of heat by the physical motion of the heated material (only liquids and gases)

Front 24

radiation

Back 24

the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

Front 25

heat of transformation

Back 25

the quantity of heat required to change the phase of 1kg of a substance

Front 26

adiabatic

Back 26

no heat transfer

Front 27

electric field

Back 27

a positive point charge will move in the same direction as an electric field vector

Front 28

electric potential energy (U)

Back 28

the amount of work required to move it from infinity to the point

(U=Fd, F=Eq, U=Eqd, U=q(dV), U=kqQ/r)

Front 29

electric potential (V)

Back 29

the amount of work required to move a positive test charge from infinity to a particular point, divided by the test charge (V=W/q)

Front 30

magnetic fields

Back 30

created by permanent magnets and moving charges

Front 31

Kirchoff's Laws

Back 31

1. At any junction within a circuit, the sum of current flowing into that point must equal the current leaving

2. The sum of voltage sources equal the sum of voltage drops around a closed circuit loop

Front 32

capacitance

Back 32

the ability to store charge per unit voltage

Front 33

sound

Back 33

propagates through a deformable medium by the oscillation ofparticles along the direction of the wave's motion

Front 34

beats

Back 34

occur when two waves that have slightly different frequencies are superimposed

Front 35

blackbody radiation

Back 35

an object that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation upon it and emits energy that is characteristic to the system itself

Front 36

mass defect

Back 36

the difference between the sum of the masses of nucleons in the nucleus and the mass of the nucleus. The mass defect results from the conversion of matter to energy, embodied by E=mc^2.

The energy is the binding energy that holds nucleons within the nucleus.

Front 37

isotopes

Back 37

same number of protons, different number of neutrons

Front 38

heisenberg uncertainty principle

Back 38

impossible to determine with perfect accuracy the momentum and the position of an electron simultaneously

Front 39

hund's rule

Back 39

within a given subshell, orbitals are filled such that there are a maximum number of half-filled orbitals with parallel spins

Front 40

Hess's law

Back 40

the enthalpies of reaction are additive

Front 41

bond dissociation energy

Back 41

an average of the energy required to break a particular type of bond in one mole of gaseous molecules

Front 42

colligative properties

Back 42

physical properties derived solely from the number of particles present, not the nature of those particles. these properties are usually associated with dilute solutions

(freezing point depression, boiling point elevation)

Front 43

diffusion

Back 43

occurs when gas molecules diffuse through a mixture

Front 44

effusion

Back 44

is the flow of gas particles under pressure from one compartment to another through a small opening