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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Newton's 1st law - Law of Inertia
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Objects continue at rest, or in uniform motion in straight line, unless acted on by outside force
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Newton's 2nd law of Motion (=)
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Acceleration = net force / mass
F = MA |
None
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Newton's 3rd law of motion
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For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
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Hooke's Law (=)
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F = change in length x spring constant
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None
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Hooke's Law
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Distance of stretch or squeeze (extension or compression) of an elastic material is directly proportional to the applied force.
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Inverse Square law =
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Intensity ~ 1 / distance²
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None
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Universal law of gravitation (=)
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F = G (m1m2/d²)
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None
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Kepler's laws of Planetary motion: 1
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The path of each planet around the Sun is an ellipse w/ the Sun at one focus
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Kepler's laws of Planetary motion: 3
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The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cude of the average distance of the planet from the sun ( T² ~ R³ for all planets )
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Kepler's laws of Planetary motion: 2
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The line from the Sun to any planet sweeps out equal areas of space in equal time intervals.
Orbital redius & speed are inversely proportional As orbital radius increases (or decreases) the speed decreases (or increases) by the same factor |
None
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Force
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push or a pull
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Net Force
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Vector sum of forces on an object
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Equilibrium
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state of no change
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Inertia
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resistance to change
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Equilibrium rule
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sum of forces is zero
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Mechanical Equilibrium (=)
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Net force = zero.
No change in motion. |
None
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Scalar quantity
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Magnitude but not direction
Ex: mass, volume, energy & speed |
None
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Vector quantity
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Magnitude & direction
Ex: force, velocity, acceleration, momentum |
None
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Speed =
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distance / time
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Instantaneous speed
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Speed at an instant
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Average speed =
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distance covered / time taken
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None
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Total distance covered =
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average speed x time
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Velocity
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speed w/ direction
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Velocity acquired =
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acceleration x time
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Velocity acquired in free fall from rest =
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v=gt
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None
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Distance acquired in free fall from rest =
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d = ½gt²
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None
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Constant velocity
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Constant speed & constant direction
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Changing velocity
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Either speed or direction or both change
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Acceleration =
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change in velocity / time
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Free fall
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motion under influence of gravity only
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Force Causes
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Acceleration
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Mass
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Quantity of matter in an object.
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Weight
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Force due to gravity on an object.
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Volume
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Quantity of space an object occupies
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Terminal velocity <>=
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air resistance = weight
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None
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acceleration <>
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weight > air resistance
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None
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deceleration <>=
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weight < air resistance
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None
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Primary forces at work on a ski diver
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gravity & air resistance
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Momentum =
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mass x velocity
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Impulse
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change in momentum of the object that the impulse acts upon
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None
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Power =
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work / time
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Work =
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force x distance
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Energy
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ability (capacity) to do work
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None
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Mechanical Energy
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Energy due to position or movement of something
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Potential Energy
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Energy of position
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None
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Kinetic Energy
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Energy of motion
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Kinetic Energy =
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KE = ½mv²
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Work Energy Theorem =
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work = change in KE
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None
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Efficiency
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Useful energy output divided by the total energy input.
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Simple machines
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Device used to manipulate the amount &/or direction of force when work is done
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Tangential Speed
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Linear speed tangent to a curved path, such as a circular motion
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Rotational Speed
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rotation per minute (rpm)
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Torque =
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Torque = lever arm leverage x force
to produce rotation |
None
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Center of Mass (CM)
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Average position of mass
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None
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Center of Gravity (CG)
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average location weight
balance point |
None
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Centripetal force
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center seaking
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Centrifugal force
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center fleeing
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Weight
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measure of the force of gravity on a body
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Weightlessness
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Being w/o a support force, as in free fall
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Spring tide
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at full or new Moon
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Neap tide
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high tide or low tide btwn the new and full Moon phases
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High tides occur when
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Moon is overhead
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Each day ___ high tides & __ low tides occur
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2 high tides & 2 low tides
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Black hole
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Concentration of mass resulting from gravitational collapse, near which gravity is so intense that not even light can escape
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Projectile
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Any object that is kicked, fired or thrown
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Trajectory
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Path that a projectile follows (usu curved, unless launched straight up or down)
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Range
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Horizontal distance a projectile travels
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Projectile distance =
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d = ½gt²
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Satellite orbit maximum speed
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11 km/s
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Satellite orbit minimum speed
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8 km/s
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Trajectory angle of fire, maximum range
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45°
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None
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Trajectory angle of fire, same range
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two angles w/ sum of 90°
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None
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Ellipse
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objects in orbit travel in this special oval shape
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Mass of orbitting object does not effect
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its motion
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Projectile Motion
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No air resistance
No vertical acceleration Horizontal uniform motion Under the influence of gravity only |
None
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Air resistance & projectile
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causes the trajectory to fall short of the idealized parabolic path
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Escape speed
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Speed need for a projectile or satellite to escape the gravitational influence of Earth
(more than 11 km/s for Earth) |
None
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Parabola
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Curved path followed by a projectile
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None
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Satellite
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A projectile or small celestial body that orbits a larger celestial body
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Conservation laws involve
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no external forces
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None
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Conservation of Energy
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Energy cannot be created or destroyed
it may only change forms |
None
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Conservation of Momentum
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momentum remains unchanged
constant magnitude & direction |
None
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Conservation of Energy for machines (=)
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work input = work output
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None
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Conservation of Angular Momentum (=)
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Angular momentum before an event involving only internal torque or no torque = to the angular momentum after the event.
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None
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