Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
where are Brunner's glands?
|
duodenum
|
|
how do autonomics affect secretion?
|
parasympathetic stimulation increases secretion
sympathetics alone also increase stimulation, but if parasympathetic or hormonal stimulation is already causing copious secretion, sympathetics reduce the secretion b/c of vasoconstrictive reduction of blood supply |
|
what must happen before secretory vesicles fuse with the apical cell membrane (eventually leading to exocytosis)?
|
nervous or hormonal control signals increase the cell membrane permeability to calcium ions
|
|
enzyme found in saliva used for digesting starches
|
ptyalin (α-amylase)
|
|
parotid glands secrete what kind of secretion
|
serous
|
|
submandibular and sublingual glands secrete
|
both serous and mucus
|
|
buccal glands secrete
|
mucus
|
|
found in saliva that destroy bacteria
|
thiocyanate ions and lysozyme
protein antibodies that can destroy oral bacteria |
|
what is the function of kallikrein
|
kallikrein is secreted by activated salivary cells
it splits an α2-globulin to form bradykinin, a strong vasodilator |
|
types of glands found in stomach mucosa
|
tubular glands:
oxyntic (gastric) secrete HCl, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, and mucus pyloric glands secrete mainly mucus and gastrin (enteroendocrine cells) |
|
what do chief cells secrete
|
pepsinogen
|
|
how is pepsin formed?
|
when pepsinogen comes in contact with HCl
|
|
where is vitamin B12 absorbed and what is required?
|
intrinsic factor is required for B12 absorption, which occurs in the ileum
|
|
what types of cells secrete intrinsic factor
|
parietal
|
|
what is likely to occur in chronic gastritis
|
achlorhydria and pernicious anemia b/c the parietal cells are destroyed
|
|
which cells secrete gastrin
|
pyloric
|
|
what do the ECL cells secrete?
|
histamine
|
|
most potent mechanism for stimulating histamine secretion
|
gastrin
|
|
where is gastrin produced?
|
antral portion of the stomach mucosa in response to proteins in the foods being digested
|
|
function of histamine
|
stimulate gastric HCl secretion
|
|
which hormone is important for control of pancreatic secretion?
this hormone also opposes stomach secretion |
secretin
|
|
pancreatic juice is secreted most abundantly in response to
|
the presence of chyme in the upper portion of the small intestine
|
|
secretes insulin directly into the blood
|
islets of Langerhans
|
|
what is the function of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypolypeptidase
|
trypsin and chymotrypsin split who and partially digested proteins into peptides
carboxypolypeptidase splits peptides into individual amino acids |
|
how is trypsin formed?
|
trypsinogen is activated by enterokinase or it can be autocatalytically activated by trypsin
|
|
what activates chymotrypsinogen
|
trypsin
|
|
stimulate the acinar cells causing production of large quantities of pancreatic digestive enzymes
|
ACh and cholecystokinin
|
|
stimulates secretion of large quantities of water solution of sodium bicarbonate by the pancreatic ductal epithelium
|
secretin
|
|
increases secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes
|
cholecystokinin
|
|
most potent stimulus for causing gallbladder contractions
|
cholecystokinin
|
|
stimulus for cholecystokinin entry into the blood
|
presence of fatty foods in the duodenum
|
|
most of the bile salts are reabsorbed into the blood from the
|
small intestine
|
|
main function of Brunner's glands
|
secrete mucus to protect the duodenal wall from digestion
|
|
primary function of the small intestine
|
absorb nutrients and their digestive products into the blood
|
|
most important means for regulating small intestine secretion
|
local enteric nervous reflexes
|
|
what's the difference b/w the crypts of Lieberkuhn in the small and large intestine
|
the crypts in the large intestine do not have villi
|