Phylum Echinodermata & Hermichordata & Chordata Taxa & Word Roots

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Phylum Echinodermata Characterisitics

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water vascular system, madreporite or hydropore, marine, free living, unsegmented body, pentaradial symmetry, triploblastic, coelom enterocoelous and extensive, endoskeleton of dermal calcareous ossicles with spines, pedicellariae, complete digestive system, tube feet, nervous system with ring and radial canals, no brain, asexual reproduction, sexes separate, excetory organs, respiration by papulae, tubefeet, or respiratory tree, hemal system

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Phylum Echinodermata Classes

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Asteroidea
Ophiuroidea
Echinodea
Holothuroidea
Crinoidea

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Echinatus

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prickly or spiny

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derm

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skin

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Class Asteroidea Animals

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Sea Stars

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Class Asteroidea Characteristics

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star shaped, with arms not sharply dematcated from the central disc, ambulacral grooves open, with tube feet on oral side, tube feet often with suckers, anus and madreporite abdoral, pedicellariae present, sea daises included in this group lack arms have dis shaped body and have a ring of suckerless podia near the body margin

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Class Opiuroidea Animals

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Brittle stars and basket stars

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Class Opiuroidea Characteristics

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star shaped, with arms sharply demarcated from central disc, ambulacral grooves closed, covered by ossicles, tube feet without suckers and not used for locomotion, pedicellariae absent arms like snake tails

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Class Echinoidea Animals

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Sea Urchins Sand Dollars and Heart Urchins

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Class Echinoidea Characterisitics

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globular or disc shaped with no arms, compact skeleton or test with closely fitting plates, movable spines, amulacral grooves close, tube feet often with suckers, pedicellariae present

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Class Holothuroidea Animals

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Sea Cucumbers

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Class Holothuroidea Characteristics

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cylindrical with no arms, spines absent, microscopic ossicles embedded in muscular body wall, anus present, ambulacral grooves close, tube feet with suckers, oral tentacles, pedicellariae absent, madreporite internal

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Class Crinoidea Animals

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Sea lilies and Feather stars

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Class Crinoidea Characterisitcs

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five arms branching at base and bearing pinnules, ciliated ambulacral grooves on oral surface with tentacle like tube feet for food gathering, spines and pedicellariae absent flower like forms

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aster

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star

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oid

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like, form

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ophi

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snake

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oura or uro

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tail

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echinos

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sea urchin

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crin

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lily

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Phylum Hemichordata Characterisitics

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body divided into proboscis, collar, and trunk, buccal diverticulum, freemoving and burrowing habits, bilateral symmetry, soft bodied, triploblastic, single coelomic pouch, cilitated epidermis, complete digestive system, longitudinal and circular muscles, dorsal nerve cord and connective ring, sensory neurons, asexual budding or fragmentation, sexes separate, glomerulus, gill slits, circulatroy system contains dorsal and ventral vessels and dorsal heart

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Phylum Hemichordata Animals

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worm like bottom dwellers

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hemi

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half

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chorda

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string cord

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Phylum Chordata characterisitics

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postanal tail, notochord, endostyle or thyroid glands, bone or cartilage, marine, freshwater and terrestial, many fly, free living, bilateral symmetry, segmented, triploblastic, well developed coelom, epidermis preseint, complete digestive system, pharyngeal pouches, smooth skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue, nerve cord hollow and dorsal, three lobed brain, asexual, sexes separate, paired kidneys, respiration via gills lungs or skin swim bladder in fishes, closed circulatroy system, chambered hearts

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Phylum Chordata Subphylums

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Urochordata
Cephalochordata
Vertebrata

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cephalo

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head

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vertebr

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vertebrae or joint

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vertebraus

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backboned

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Subphylum Urochordata Animals

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tunicates

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Subphylum Urochordata Characterisitcs

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notochord and nerve cord in free swimming larva only ascdian adults sessile, encased in tunic

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Subphylum Cephalochordata Animals

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lancelets

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Subphylum Cephalochordata Characterisitcs

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notochord and nerve cord found along entire body and persiist throughout life fishlike in form

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Subphylum Vertebrata Characterisitcs

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bony or cartilaginous cranium surrounding tripartite brain, well developed head with paire sense organs, usually with vertebrae, hear with multiple chambers, muscularized digestive tract, paired kidneys