Phylum

Front 1

Porifera

Back 1

"pore bearing" sponges

Front 2

Cnidaria

Back 2

hydras, jellyfishes, stony corals, soft corals, and anemones

Front 3

Platyhelminthes

Back 3

flukes, planarians, tapeworms

Front 4

Nematoda

Back 4

roundworms

Front 5

Echinodermata

Back 5

sea stars (starfish), brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars, sea daisies, sea feathers

Front 6

Rotefera

Back 6

rotifers

Front 7

Annelida

Back 7

"segmented worms" earthworms, leaches, freshwater, and marine worms

Front 8

subphylum Cephalochordata

Back 8

under phylum chordata
ex:lancelets

Front 9

Molluska

Back 9

snails, slugs, clams, mussels, oysters, squids

Front 10

subphylum vertebrata

Back 10

amphibians, fish, dogs, etc.

Front 11

Arthropods

Back 11

spiders, tick, mites, scorpions, insects, lobsters

Front 12

Subphylum Chelicerata

Back 12

under Arthropods: spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions

Front 13

Subphylum Uniramia

Back 13

under Arthropods: insects

Front 14

Subphylum Crustacea

Back 14

lobsters

Front 15

Porocyte

Back 15

small pore for incoming water on sponges

Front 16

Osculum/ Oscula

Back 16

Larger pores expel water through canals that are lined with choanocytes

Front 17

choanocytes

Back 17

flagellated collar feeding cell and flagellum; moves water to collect, filters and traps food by mucus. (sponges)

Front 18

amoebocytes

Back 18

- ameboid cells that move about the mesophyl.
- used in processing food/ digesting food received from choanocytes and digest them from spicules and sponging in mesophyll
(sponges)

Front 19

viviparous

Back 19

young are retained in and receives nourishment from adult

Front 20

-spicules
-sponging

Back 20

- calcium or silica, pointed structure
-proteinaceous
-provides support for the sponge

Front 21

pinacocytes

Back 21

epithelial type cell found on the surface.
-contractile, regulate the surface of sponge; can make the oscula bigger and take in larger particles
-regulate water flow by contraction

Front 22

metamerism

Back 22

body segmented (annelida)

Front 23

somites

Back 23

segments (annelida)

Front 24

prostomium

Back 24

first body segment located at the anterior end (annelida)

Front 25

septa

Back 25

separates segments; where the coelom cavity is divided (annelida)

Front 26

parapodia

Back 26

hair on side of worms

Front 27

ganglia

Back 27

nerve cells

Front 28

metanephridia

Back 28

also known as nephridia: functional unit for waste removal (annelida)

Front 29

polyps

Back 29

sessile
-adheres to substrates
-mouth/anus on top
ex: hydras, sea anemones

Front 30

medusa

Back 30

motile
-mouth/anus on bottom
ex: jellyfish

Front 31

cnidocytes

Back 31

-specialized stinging cell functioning in defense and prey capture
-contains nematocysts

Front 32

nematocysts

Back 32

-tiny capsule containing coiled thread attached to a barb
-stinging organelle on the cnidocytes
-may contain toxins
-used to subdue prey or for protection

Front 33

mantle

Back 33

sheath of skin (covering) extending from the visceral mass (mollusks)

Front 34

operculum

Back 34

"trapdoor" secreted plate form mantle attached to the foot that can be used to cover the opening in the shell

Front 35

aperture

Back 35

opening of the shell (ex: snails)

Front 36

adductor muscles

Back 36

closes valves tightly (clams)

Front 37

mantle cavity

Back 37

space between the mantel and internal organs (mollusks)

Front 38

siphon

Back 38

opening between valves, water in, water out from/to gills (bivalva; clam)

Front 39

hectocotylus

Back 39

modified arm to transfer sperm to female (octopus)

Front 40

proglottids

Back 40

segments of a tapeworm body; each containing their own complete reproductive system (cestoda)

Front 41

scolex

Back 41

first proglottid: may have hooks and/ore suckers to attach to host (cestoda)

Front 42

corona

Back 42

ciliated crown at anterior end that surrounds the mouth; rotary organ for moving and feeding (rotifera)

Front 43

sexual dimorphism

Back 43

differences in appearance of sexes

Front 44

parthenogenetic

Back 44

produce female eggs by mitosis without fertilization; species consists only of females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs (rotifers)

Front 45

chelicerae

Back 45

feeding appendages of pincers or fangs

Front 46

pedipalps

Back 46

function for sensing and feeding; chewing and food manipulation

Front 47

cephalothorax

Back 47

head and thorax fused

Front 48

mandibles

Back 48

jaw like structures for feeding

Front 49

biramous appendages

Back 49

branches to two; end of leg has 2 separate appendages

Front 50

uniramous appendages

Back 50

no branching; end-to-end segment

Front 51

sclerites

Back 51

making of exoskeleton hinged for easy movement

Front 52

omatidia

Back 52

compound eye

Front 53

oviparous

Back 53

eggs laid

Front 54

ovoviviparous

Back 54

eggs develop inside adult; no nutrition, just protection

Front 55

complete metamorphosis

Back 55

larval stage different from adult

Front 56

gradual/ incomplete metamorphosis

Back 56

series of molts; young called nymphs. Every molt looks like adult

Front 57

malipighian

Back 57

tubules for excretion (spiders/ insects)

Front 58

ossicles

Back 58

plates of the back of the endoskeleton (starfish)

Front 59

spicules

Back 59

pointed structures of the endoskeleton

Front 60

madreporite

Back 60

provide water to the water vascular system (starfish)

Front 61

ampulla

Back 61

muscular bulb at one end of the tube foot.
-contraction of the ampulla causes the tube foot to extend

Front 62

Chordata

Back 62

animals with vertebrates
ex: dogs, fishes, birds, humans