Phylogeny Of Muscles

Front 1

Develop from the myotome or somitomeres, includes eyeball muscles

Back 1

axial muscles,
associated with the axial skeleton

Front 2

mucsle that develops from the branchial arches

Back 2

branchiomeric muscles, associated with the visceral skeleton

Front 3

Develop from myotome of somites

Back 3

apendicular muscle, associated with the appendicular skeleton

Front 4

In fish, axial muscles on the dorsal side of the horizontal septum

Back 4

epaxial muscles

Front 5

In fish, axial muscles on the ventral side of the horizontal septum

Back 5

hypaxial muscles

Front 6

What is the function of the epaxial and hypaxial muscles in fish?

Back 6

creates lateral body movment for propulsion

Front 7

muscle that originates on the coracoid of the pectoral girdle

Back 7

hypobranchial muscle

Front 8

What is the function of the hypobranchial muscle?

Back 8

Expand the mouth and pharynx, move the hyoid arch, and depress the lower jaw

Front 9

This group of muscles has an origin on the orbit of the skull

Back 9

eyeball mucsles

Front 10

What are the function of the eyeball muscles?

Back 10

moves the eyeball in various directions

Front 11

What trends are seen in muscles as you move from fish to tetrapods?

Back 11

metamerism is lost and muscle volume is lost
appendicular muscle become more important
Hypaxial muscle is divided into three layers

Front 12

What is the function of epaxial muscles in tetrapods

Back 12

to bend and move the vertebral column

Front 13

What is the function of hypaxial muscles in tetrapods

Back 13

flex the vertebral column, support the viscera, aid in respiration

Front 14

What is the function of the hypobranchial muscles?

Back 14

move the hyoid, larynx, vocal cords, or floor of the mouth

Front 15

What is the function of the longisimus and spinales muscles?

Back 15

Extend the vertebral column

Front 16

What is the function of the intervertebratal muscles in tetrapods?

Back 16

metameric, and stabilize the vertebral column

Front 17

The iliocostales is most developed in which group and to aid in what?

Back 17

Most developed in reptiles, it aids in lateral bending

Front 18

Name three major hypaxial muscles and give their function?

Back 18

External, Internal, and Transverse abdominus, sheets that run in different directions, make a sling to support internal organs

Front 19

What is the location and function of the rectus abdominus?

Back 19

A strap like muscle which runs down the middle of the ventral side, gives additional support to internal organs

Front 20

These muscles are associated with the visceral skeleton and develop from the branchial arches, some movement involuntary

Back 20

Branchiomeric muscle

Front 21

This muscle raises the lower jaw in fish

Back 21

the mandibular adductor

Front 22

The muscle elevates the floor of the mouth

Back 22

intermandibular

Front 23

Compresses the first gill chamber

Back 23

interhyoideus

Front 24

Compress the gill chambers

Back 24

Dorsal and ventral constrictors

Front 25

elevates the scapular cartilage and raises the pharyngeal walls

Back 25

cucullaris (fused levators)

Front 26

Close the mouth and move the jaw from side to side, Originate from the mandibular adductor

Back 26

Masseter and temporalis

Front 27

In amphibians, derived from the interhyoideus of fish, spreads around the neck

Back 27

sphincter coli

Front 28

The sphincter coli of amphibians becomes this in mammals and reptiles

Back 28

platysmat

Front 29

What is the function of the platysma?

Back 29

The movement of skin

Front 30

The extensions in the head of the platysma mucsle in mammals?

Back 30

mimetic mucsles (responsible for facial expressions)

Front 31

Originate from arches three and four, in the neck region, turn the neck

Back 31

mastoideus complex

Front 32

These muscles lift the scapula, and originate from the cucullaris of fish, develop from arches three to four

Back 32

Trapezius muscle

Front 33

What is the location and function of the stapedius muscle?

Back 33

Inserts on the stapes and contracts to protect against loud sound

Front 34

What muscles are derived from the first arch and the mandibular adductor of fish?

Back 34

temporalis and masseter

Front 35

What muscles are derived from the hyoid arch and the interhyoideus of fish

Back 35

platysma and mimetic muscles and the stapedius

Front 36

What muscles are derived from the third and fourth branchial arch?

Back 36

The mastoideus complex and the trapezius

Front 37

These muscles have their origin on the axial skeleton

Back 37

extrinsic muscles

Front 38

These muscles do not have their origin on the axial skeleton

Back 38

intrinsic muscles

Front 39

These two muscles are the major ventral extrinsic muscles in the pectoral region

Back 39

Pectoralis and Supracorocoid

Front 40

The pectoralis and supracoracoid muscles serve what function in amphibians and reptiles

Back 40

adductors of the forelimb

Front 41

The pectoralis and supracoroacoid serve what function in birds?

Back 41

The pectoralis is a major wing muscle which exerts a downward power, while the supracorocoid acts as an adductor (raises the wing)

Front 42

What purpose does the pectoralis muscle have in mammals?

Back 42

Important adductors

Front 43

What has the supracoracoid become in mammals?

Back 43

The supra and infra- spinatus muscles, becoming and intrinsic set of pectoral muscles

Front 44

what is the function of the supra and infra spinatus muscles

Back 44

extend the forelimb and rotate the humerus outward

Front 45

In mammals this muscle extends the pes and exerts a power stroke

Back 45

Gastrocnemius

Front 46

What is the name of the tendon associated with the gastrocnemius in mammals and where does it insert?

Back 46

Achille's Tendon, inserts on the calcaneous

Front 47

What is the name of the tendon associated with the gastrocnemius in birds and where does it insert?

Back 47

The perching tendon, inserts on the phalanges

Front 48

This muscle is loacated in the calf region of the hindlimb?

Back 48

Gastrocnemius

Front 49

Inserts on the humerus and pulls the forelimb up and back in mammals

Back 49

Lattisimus dorsi

Front 50

Inserts on the scapula and pulls the shoulder dorsally

Back 50

trapezius

Front 51

Originates on the scapula and humerus, inserts on the olecranon process of ulna, extends the forearm

Back 51

the triceps branchi

Front 52

Originates of the scapula and inserts on the radius, responsible for the flexing of the forearm

Back 52

the biceps brachii

Front 53

Flexes the hand and digit, ventral musle located on forearm, tendons connect to bones within the manus and pes

Back 53

Flexors of wrist and digits

Front 54

Major hip muscle to adduct thigh, originate on sacral or caudal vertebrae and insert of femur

Back 54

gluteus maximus

Front 55

Adducts or rotates the thigh, originate on the pubis and inserts on the tibia

Back 55

sartorius

Front 56

Flexes the leg, originates on the ischium and inserts on the patella and tibia

Back 56

biceps femoris