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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Develop from the myotome or somitomeres, includes eyeball muscles
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axial muscles,
associated with the axial skeleton |
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mucsle that develops from the branchial arches
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branchiomeric muscles, associated with the visceral skeleton
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Develop from myotome of somites
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apendicular muscle, associated with the appendicular skeleton
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In fish, axial muscles on the dorsal side of the horizontal septum
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epaxial muscles
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In fish, axial muscles on the ventral side of the horizontal septum
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hypaxial muscles
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What is the function of the epaxial and hypaxial muscles in fish?
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creates lateral body movment for propulsion
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muscle that originates on the coracoid of the pectoral girdle
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hypobranchial muscle
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What is the function of the hypobranchial muscle?
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Expand the mouth and pharynx, move the hyoid arch, and depress the lower jaw
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This group of muscles has an origin on the orbit of the skull
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eyeball mucsles
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What are the function of the eyeball muscles?
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moves the eyeball in various directions
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What trends are seen in muscles as you move from fish to tetrapods?
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metamerism is lost and muscle volume is lost
appendicular muscle become more important Hypaxial muscle is divided into three layers |
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What is the function of epaxial muscles in tetrapods
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to bend and move the vertebral column
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What is the function of hypaxial muscles in tetrapods
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flex the vertebral column, support the viscera, aid in respiration
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What is the function of the hypobranchial muscles?
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move the hyoid, larynx, vocal cords, or floor of the mouth
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What is the function of the longisimus and spinales muscles?
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Extend the vertebral column
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What is the function of the intervertebratal muscles in tetrapods?
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metameric, and stabilize the vertebral column
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The iliocostales is most developed in which group and to aid in what?
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Most developed in reptiles, it aids in lateral bending
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Name three major hypaxial muscles and give their function?
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External, Internal, and Transverse abdominus, sheets that run in different directions, make a sling to support internal organs
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What is the location and function of the rectus abdominus?
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A strap like muscle which runs down the middle of the ventral side, gives additional support to internal organs
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These muscles are associated with the visceral skeleton and develop from the branchial arches, some movement involuntary
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Branchiomeric muscle
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This muscle raises the lower jaw in fish
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the mandibular adductor
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The muscle elevates the floor of the mouth
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intermandibular
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Compresses the first gill chamber
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interhyoideus
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Compress the gill chambers
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Dorsal and ventral constrictors
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elevates the scapular cartilage and raises the pharyngeal walls
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cucullaris (fused levators)
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Close the mouth and move the jaw from side to side, Originate from the mandibular adductor
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Masseter and temporalis
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In amphibians, derived from the interhyoideus of fish, spreads around the neck
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sphincter coli
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The sphincter coli of amphibians becomes this in mammals and reptiles
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platysmat
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What is the function of the platysma?
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The movement of skin
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The extensions in the head of the platysma mucsle in mammals?
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mimetic mucsles (responsible for facial expressions)
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Originate from arches three and four, in the neck region, turn the neck
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mastoideus complex
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These muscles lift the scapula, and originate from the cucullaris of fish, develop from arches three to four
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Trapezius muscle
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What is the location and function of the stapedius muscle?
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Inserts on the stapes and contracts to protect against loud sound
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What muscles are derived from the first arch and the mandibular adductor of fish?
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temporalis and masseter
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What muscles are derived from the hyoid arch and the interhyoideus of fish
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platysma and mimetic muscles and the stapedius
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What muscles are derived from the third and fourth branchial arch?
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The mastoideus complex and the trapezius
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These muscles have their origin on the axial skeleton
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extrinsic muscles
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These muscles do not have their origin on the axial skeleton
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intrinsic muscles
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These two muscles are the major ventral extrinsic muscles in the pectoral region
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Pectoralis and Supracorocoid
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The pectoralis and supracoracoid muscles serve what function in amphibians and reptiles
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adductors of the forelimb
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The pectoralis and supracoroacoid serve what function in birds?
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The pectoralis is a major wing muscle which exerts a downward power, while the supracorocoid acts as an adductor (raises the wing)
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What purpose does the pectoralis muscle have in mammals?
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Important adductors
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What has the supracoracoid become in mammals?
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The supra and infra- spinatus muscles, becoming and intrinsic set of pectoral muscles
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what is the function of the supra and infra spinatus muscles
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extend the forelimb and rotate the humerus outward
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In mammals this muscle extends the pes and exerts a power stroke
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Gastrocnemius
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What is the name of the tendon associated with the gastrocnemius in mammals and where does it insert?
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Achille's Tendon, inserts on the calcaneous
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What is the name of the tendon associated with the gastrocnemius in birds and where does it insert?
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The perching tendon, inserts on the phalanges
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This muscle is loacated in the calf region of the hindlimb?
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Gastrocnemius
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Inserts on the humerus and pulls the forelimb up and back in mammals
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Lattisimus dorsi
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Inserts on the scapula and pulls the shoulder dorsally
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trapezius
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Originates on the scapula and humerus, inserts on the olecranon process of ulna, extends the forearm
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the triceps branchi
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Originates of the scapula and inserts on the radius, responsible for the flexing of the forearm
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the biceps brachii
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Flexes the hand and digit, ventral musle located on forearm, tendons connect to bones within the manus and pes
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Flexors of wrist and digits
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Major hip muscle to adduct thigh, originate on sacral or caudal vertebrae and insert of femur
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gluteus maximus
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Adducts or rotates the thigh, originate on the pubis and inserts on the tibia
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sartorius
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Flexes the leg, originates on the ischium and inserts on the patella and tibia
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biceps femoris
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