Phylogeny And Embryology Of The Circulatory System

Front 1

describe the circulatory system of fish

Back 1

blood travels through the heart and into the dorsal aorta which connect with the common cardinal veins which transport it to the rest of the body

Front 2

What happens in aortic arches 3-6 in fish?

Back 2

They become gill capillaries

Front 3

What happens to the aortic arches in amphibians?

Back 3

pulmonary arteries develop from sixth arch and others dissapear

Front 4

What happens to the aortic arches in reptiles?

Back 4

aortic arch 4 becomes the aortae, while 3 becomes the internal carotids

Front 5

What happens to the aortic arches in mammals and birds?

Back 5

half of the fourth aortic arch dissapears leaving only one aortic trunk, third still remains the internal carotids, and the partial fourth in mammals becomes the subclavian artery, 6 equals pulmonary arteries

Front 6

What happens to aortic arches in mammalian embryo?

Back 6

arches 1, 2, and 5 are lost. Third develops into carotids with ventral aorta, 4th becomes the aortic arch, and right 4th becomes subclacian artery, pulmonary arteries develop from 6th arch

Front 7

What are the function of the carotid arteries?

Back 7

to carry blood into the head region

Front 8

What is the function of the pulmonary arteries and where do they develop from?

Back 8

truncus arteriosis, take blood to lungs

Front 9

Name the three major venous veins in the body of fish and mammalian embryos?

Back 9

posterior and anterior cardinal veins, common cardinal veins

Front 10

Describe the renal portal system in non-mammalian vertebrates?

Back 10

blood enters the kidneys via the renal arteries and the renal portal vein

Front 11

In mammals the anterior cardinal veins develop into what?

Back 11

become the internal jugular veins

Front 12

common cardinals become what in mammals?

Back 12

the right develops into the superior vena cava, while the left becomes the coronary sinus

Front 13

The anterior region of the posterior cardinals become what in mammals?

Back 13

the azygous and hemiazygous veins

Front 14

what forms to shunt blood from left internal jugular to superior vena cava

Back 14

brachiocephalic vein

Front 15

What happens to the posterior cardinal veins?

Back 15

they are replaced by subcardinals, then supracardinals, then inferior vena cava

Front 16

What three sections form the inferior vena cava?

Back 16

the posterior section of the supracardinals, the middle is the subcardinal anastomosis, and liver sinusoids make the top part

Front 17

What do the vitteline veins do early in development?

Back 17

branch out within the liver to form sinusoids

Front 18

What do the umbillical veins do early in development?

Back 18

form connection with the liver and lose some connection with sinuvenosus

Front 19

Later in development what do parts of the left and right vitteline veins form

Back 19

the hepatic portal vein

Front 20

What does the left umbilical vein do later on in life?

Back 20

forces a channel through the liver called the ductus venosus

Front 21

What happens to the right umbillical vein?

Back 21

it dissapears

Front 22

What happens to veins and arteries at birth?

Back 22

the umbillical arteries and veins contract, the ductus arteriosus and venosus contract and close, the hepatic portal system begins to function

Front 23

has a distinct dumb-bell shaped nuclues, and red granules

Back 23

eosinophils

Front 24

has a complex multi-lobed nucleus and purple granules

Back 24

nuetrophils

Front 25

appear as a large cell with blue granules

Back 25

basophils

Front 26

have a lack of granules and a large horse-shoe shaped nucleus

Back 26

monocytes

Front 27

are small circular cells with a round nucleus

Back 27

lymphocytes