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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parsimony |
determine which tree is simplest (fewest changes) |
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maximum likelihood |
determine the tree which is 'most likely' given sequence differences and assumed model |
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synapomorphy |
a shared, derived character state |
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autapomorphy |
a unique, derived character state |
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symplesiomorphy |
an uninformative shared, ancestral character state |
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homologous |
trait is descended from a common ancestor |
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polytomy |
more than two taxa from a node - usually represents uncertainty about relationship |
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monophyletic |
a group descended from a common ancestor that is not the ancestor of any other group - clade |
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paraphyletic |
group that does not contain all species descended from the most recent common ancestor - fish, reptiles |
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polyphyletic |
group with members contains species descended from several ancestors which also have species in other groups - worms, algae, protozoa |
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homoplasy |
similarity not due to ancestry - convergence - reversal mutations - multiple identical substitutions |
