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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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if the change in pH and change on PaCO2 are in opposite directions, is the problem metabolic or respiratory?
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respiratory
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What is the equation for anion gap?
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[Na+] - [Cl-] + [HCO3-]
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If the change in the secondary parameter is the same direction as the primary parameter, what is expected?
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compensatory response
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If the change in the secondary parameter is in opposite direction of the change in the primary parameter, what is expected?
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mixed disorder
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loss of intestinal fluids typically leads to ___________ (acidosis/alkalosis)
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acidosis
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loss of gastric secretions can lead to __________ (acidosis/alkalosis)
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alkalosis
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volatile acids are handled by the _______
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lungs
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fixed acids are handled by the _________
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kidneys
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metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids ___________ (consumes/produces) H+ ions
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produces
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oxidation of lactic acid and ketone bodies, catabolism of amino acids to ammonium and metabolism of citrate are processes that ___________ (consume/produce) H+ ions
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consume
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Citrus, tomatoes and vegetables have an __________ (acidifying/ alkalizing) effect
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alkalizing
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Proteins, plums and tea have an _________ (acidifying/ alkalizing) effect
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acidifying
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What where the four buffering systems discussed in class?
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Bicarb/CO2; Phosphates; Proteins; Bone
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Normal blood gas pH?
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7.35-7.45 (7.4)
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Normal blood gas PaCO2?
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35-45mmHg (40)
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normal blood gas [HCO3-]?
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21-28mEq/L (24)
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normal venous Na+ level?
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135-145mEq/L
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normal venous K+ level?
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3.5-5mEq/L
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normal venous Cl- level?
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95-105mEq/L
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normal venous CO2 content?
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21-29mEq/L
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does the body ever overcompensate?
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NEVER
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What is the compensatory response to Respiratory Acidosis?
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increased [HCO3-]
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What is the compensatory response to Metabolic Acidosis?
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decreased PCO2
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A pt with pH: 7.28 PaCO2: 55 HCO3-: 25 suffers from what?
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respiratory acidosis
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How would you distinguish acute from chronic respiratory acid/base disorders?
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chronic is indicated by a shift in amount of ammonium excreted in urine (increased in acidosis, decreased in alkalosis)
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normal range for anion gap?
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9-12 mEq
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Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis has a _________ anion gap
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normal
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Normochloremic metabolic acidosis has a _________ anion gap
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wide
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What are the causes of normochloremic metabolic acidosis?
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MUDPILES, ELMPARK or KULT
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what is the equation for delta ratio?
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change in anion gap/change in [HCO3-]
(from normal values) |
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What does a delta ratio of 1-2 indicate?
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no confounding disorder
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what does a delta ratio < 1 indicate?
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indicates a simultaneous hyperchloremic acidosis
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what does a delta ratio > 2 indicate?
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indicates a simultaneous metabolic alkalosis or compensatory chronic respiratory acidosis
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when would you calculate delta ratio?
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if there is a metabolic acidosis with a high anion gap (normochloremic metabolic acidosis)
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