Phycs 101 Exam #2

Front 1

Wave

Back 1

a disturbance that propagates
through a material medium or space

Front 2

Water Wave Characteristic: Velocity

Back 2

the speed of the wave
The speed of a wave depends on the properties
of the medium through which it is traveling.
v = d/t = wavelength/T = f x wavelength

Front 3

Water Wave Characteristic: Frequency

Back 3

the number of complete vibrations per unit time
- denoted by f and measured in units of Hz -
# of waves divided by time

Front 4

Water Wave Characteristic: Amplitude

Back 4

the maximum displacement
of a particle of the medium from
the rest or equilibrium position
- denoted by A and measured in units of length -

Front 5

Water Wave Characteristic: Wavelength

Back 5

the shortest distance between
two points that are “in phase”
- measured in units of length -

Front 6

Water Wave Characteristic: Period

Back 6

the shortest time interval during
which the motion of the wave repeats itself
- denoted by T and measured in units of time -
time divided by # of waves

Front 7

Water Wave Characteristic: Phase

Back 7

related to the position and motion
of the particles of the medium
If the wave form has been “shifted left,” then
the phase is positive.
If the wave form has been “shifted right,” then
the phase is negative.

Front 8

Type of Wave: Longitudinal Wave

Back 8

Source moves left and right
Coils move left and right
The displacement of the particles
of the medium is parallel to the
direction of wave propagation.

Front 9

Type of Wave: Transverse Wave

Back 9

Source moves up and down
Coils move up and down
The displacement of the particles
of the medium is perpendicular to
the direction of wave propagation.

Front 10

Type of Wave: Surface Wave

Back 10

A combination of
transverse and longitudinal.

Front 11

Type of Wave: Standing Wave

Back 11

the
result of two wave trains of the same
wavelength, frequency, and amplitude
traveling in opposite directions
through the same medium.

Front 12

Waves: Reflection

Back 12

the turning back of a wave when
it reaches the boundary of the
medium through which it is traveling

Front 13

Law of Reflection

Back 13

the angle of incidence is equal
to the angle of reflection

Front 14

Waves: Refraction

Back 14

the bending of a wave as it passes obliquely from one medium into another of different propagation speed
Frequency stays the same
Wavelength has to change
For refraction to occur, the wave
must change speed and must enter
the new medium at an oblique angle.

Front 15

Waves: Diffraction

Back 15

the spreading of a wave
around a barrier or
through an opening
Energy is lost as the wave spreads around a barrier or through an opening

Front 16

Types of Interference: Constructive

Back 16

results in a larger amplitude

Front 17

Types of Interference: Destructive

Back 17

results in a smaller amplitude

Front 18

Doppler Effect

Back 18

the change in frequency due to the relative
motion of the wave source and the observer
The observed frequency is higher when the
source and observer are getting closer.

Front 19

Sound

Back 19

a range of compression wave
frequencies to which the
human ear is sensitive
Sounds are produced by vibrating matter
Sound is a mechanical wave (longitudinal)
It will NOT travel through a vacuum

Front 20

Audio Spectrum

Back 20

20 to 20,000 Hz

Front 21

Sound Wave Characteristic: Velocity

Back 21

The velocity of sound in air depends
on the air temperature.
This speed
increases
with temperature: about 0.6 m/s
for every 1 ºC increase in temperature.

Front 22

Sound

Back 22

Generally travels fastest
in solids and slowest in gases,
but there are some exceptions.

Front 23

Sound Wave Characteristic: Amplitude

Back 23

The human ear relates this to loudness

Front 24

Sound Wave Characteristic: Frequency

Back 24

The human ear relates this to pitch

Front 25

Sound Waves: Interference

Back 25

The interference of sound
waves can cause “beats”

Front 26

Sound Waves: Resonance

Back 26

the inducing
of vibrations of a natural
rate by a vibrating source
having the same frequency

Front 27

Closed Pipes

Back 27

resonates when the length
of the air column is approximately
an odd number of quarter
wavelengths long.

Front 28

Open Pipes

Back 28

An open pipe resonates when the length
of the air column is approximately
an even number of quarter
wavelengths long.

Front 29

Plane Mirrors

Back 29

ALWAYS:
- upright
- virtual
- same size
- reversed (front to back)

Front 30

Convex (Diverging) Mirrors

Back 30

ALWAYS:
- smaller
- upright
- virtual

Front 31

Concave (Converging) Mirrors

Back 31

SOMETIMES:
- larger
- upright
- virtual
OR
- smaller
- inverted
- real

Front 32

Converging (Convex) Lenses

Back 32

thicker in the middle
SOMETIMES:
- larger
- upright
- virtual
OR
- smaller
- inverted
- real

Front 33

Diverging (Concave) Lenses

Back 33

ALWAYS:
- upright
- virtual
- smaller

Front 34

Index of Refraction

Back 34

Optical Density
larger density- the slower the speed (bends more light)
refers to the speed of light in a medium

Front 35

Nearsightedness

Back 35

the lens in your eye is too thick
focus too quickly
diverging lenses fix this

Front 36

Farsightedness

Back 36

converging lenses fix this

Front 37

When The Ray of Light Defracts Away From The Normal

Back 37

the ray sped up
entered a material w/ a lower index of refraction
wavelength- got larger

Front 38

When The Ray of Light Defracts Toward The Normal

Back 38

the ray slowed down
entered a material w/ a higher index of refraction
wavelength- got shorter

Front 39

When light travels from a less dense to
more dense medium

Back 39

light slows down
the ray is refracted toward the normal

Front 40

When light travels from a more dense
medium to a less dense medium

Back 40

light speeds up
the ray is refracted away from the normal

Front 41

Primary Colors (Paint)

Back 41

Red, Blue, & Yellow

Front 42

Primary Colors (Light)

Back 42

Red, Blue, & Green

Front 43

Transparent Materials

Back 43

readily transmits light;
can clearly see objects through them

Front 44

Translucent Materials

Back 44

transmits, but diffuses, light;
cannot see objects clearly through them

Front 45

Opaque Materials

Back 45

transmits no light;
cannot see through them

Front 46

Light (Order of Increasing Frequency)

Back 46

Red- low frequency
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet- high frequency

Front 47

Light (Order of Decreasing Wavelength)

Back 47

Red- long wavelength
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet- short wavelength

Front 48

Complimentary Colors of Light

Back 48

two colors that combine to make white light
Red & Cyan
Blue & Yellow
Green & Magenta