Phyc Ch3.

Front 1

consciousness

Back 1

as our awareness of ourselves and our
environment

Front 2

cognitive neuroscience

Back 2

the interdisciplinary
study of the brain activity
linked with cognition (including perception,
thinking, memory, and language).

Front 3

dual processing

Back 3

the principle that
information is often simultaneously
processed on separate conscious and
unconscious tracks.

Front 4

blindsight

Back 4

a condition in which a
person can respond to a visual stimulus
without consciously experiencing it.

Front 5

selective attention

Back 5

the focusing of
conscious awareness on a particular
stimulus.

Front 6

inattentional blindness

Back 6

failing to see
visible objects when our attention is
directed elsewhere.

Front 7

change blindness

Back 7

failing to notice
changes in the environment.

Front 8

circadian rhythm

Back 8

Our bodies roughly synchronize with
the 24-hour cycle of day and night by an internal biological clock

Front 9

REM sleep

Back 9

rapid eye movement
sleep, a recurring sleep stage during
which vivid dreams commonly occur.
Also known as paradoxical sleep,
because the muscles are relaxed
(except for minor twitches) but other
body systems are active.

Front 10

alpha waves

Back 10

the relatively slow brain
waves of a relaxed, awake state.

Front 11

sleep

Back 11

periodic, natural, reversible
loss of consciousness—as distinct from
unconsciousness resulting from a coma,
general anesthesia, or hibernation.

Front 12

hallucinations

Back 12

false sensory experiences,
such as seeing something in the
absence of an external visual stimulus.

Front 13

delta waves

Back 13

the large, slow brain
waves associated with deep sleep.

Front 14

insomnia

Back 14

recurring problems in falling
or staying asleep.

Front 15

narcolepsy

Back 15

a sleep disorder characterized
by uncontrollable sleep attacks.
The sufferer may lapse directly into
REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

Front 16

sleep apnea

Back 16

a sleep disorder characterized
by temporary cessations of
breathing during sleep and repeated
momentary awakenings.

Front 17

night terrors

Back 17

a sleep disorder
characterized by high arousal and an
appearance of being terrified; unlike
nightmares, night terrors occur during
NREM-3 sleep, within two or three
hours of falling asleep, and are seldom
remembered.

Front 18

dream

Back 18

a sequence of images, emotions,
and thoughts passing through
a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are
notable for their hallucinatory imagery,
discontinuities, and incongruities,
and for the dreamer’s delusional
acceptance of the content and later
difficulties remembering it.

Front 19

manifest content

Back 19

according to
Freud, the remembered story line of
a dream (as distinct from its latent, or
hidden, content)

Front 20

latent content

Back 20

according to Freud,
the underlying meaning of a dream (as
distinct from its manifest content).

Front 21

REM rebound

Back 21

the tendency for REM
sleep to increase following REM sleep
deprivation (created by repeated awakenings
during REM sleep).

Front 22

hypnosis

Back 22

a social interaction in which
one person (the hypnotist) suggests
to another (the subject) that certain
perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or
behaviors will spontaneously occur.

Front 23

posthypnotic suggestion

Back 23

a suggestion,
made during a hypnosis session,
to be carried out after the subject is
no longer hypnotized; used by some
clinicians to help control undesired
symptoms and behaviors.

Front 24

dissociation

Back 24

a split in consciousness,
which allows some thoughts and
behaviors to occur simultaneously with
others.

Front 25

psychoactive drug

Back 25

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and
moods.

Front 26

tolerance

Back 26

the diminishing effect with
regular use of the same dose of a drug,
requiring the user to take larger and
larger doses before experiencing the
drug’s effect.

Front 27

addiction

Back 27

compulsive drug
craving and use, despite adverse
consequences.

Front 28

withdrawal

Back 28

the discomfort and distress
that follow discontinuing the use
of an addictive drug.

Front 29

physical dependence

Back 29

a physiological
need for a drug, marked by unpleasant
withdrawal symptoms when the drug is
discontinued.

Front 30

psychological dependence

Back 30

a psychological
need to use a drug, such as
to relieve negative emotions.

Front 31

depressants

Back 31

drugs (such as alcohol,
barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce
neural activity and slow body functions

Front 32

alcohol dependence

Back 32

(popularly
known as alcoholism). Alcohol use
marked by tolerance, withdrawal if suspended,
and a drive to continue use.

Front 33

barbiturates

Back 33

drugs that depress
central nervous system activity, reducing
anxiety but impairing memory and
judgment.

Front 34

opiates

Back 34

opium and its derivatives,
such as morphine and heroin; they
depress neural activity, temporarily
lessening pain and anxiety

Front 35

stimulants

Back 35

drugs (such as caffeine,
nicotine, and the more powerful
amphetamines, cocaine, Ecstasy, and
methamphetamine) that excite neural
activity and speed up body functions.

Front 36

amphetamines

Back 36

drugs that stimulate
neural activity, causing speeded - up
body functions and associated energy
and mood changes.

Front 37

nicotine

Back 37

a stimulating and highly
addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.

Front 38

methamphetamine

Back 38

a powerfully
addictive drug that stimulates the central
nervous system, with speeded-up
body functions and associated energy
and mood changes; over time, appears
to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

Front 39

Ecstasy

Back 39

a synthetic stimulant
and mild hallucinogen. Produces
euphoria and social intimacy, but with
short - term health risks and longer - term
harm to serotonin - producing neurons
and to mood and cognition.

Front 40

hallucinogens

Back 40

psychedelic (“mind -
manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that
distort perceptions and evoke sensory
images in the absence of sensory input.

Front 41

LSD

Back 41

a powerful hallucinogenic drug;
also known as acid (lysergic acid
diethylamide).

Front 42

near - death experience

Back 42

an altered
state of consciousness reported after a
close brush with death (such as through
cardiac arrest); often similar to druginduced
hallucinations.

Front 43

THC

Back 43

the major active ingredient in
marijuana; triggers a variety of effects,
including mild hallucinations.