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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a reflex
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an involuntary reaction or response
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what's developmental psychology
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how people grow and change throughout their life span
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what's maturation
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the automatic and sequential process of development that results from genetic signals
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what's a critical period
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a stage or point in development during which a person or animal is best suited to learn a particular skill or behavior pattern
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stages vs. continuity
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does development occur in stages or as a continuous process without distinctive levels
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arnold Gesell
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proposed maturation played the most imortant role in development (occurs in stages)
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what's a couple examles of a reflex
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breathing, eliminating wastes, withdrawling from painful stimuli,
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what's attachment
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emotional ties that form between people (usually devolepes with their mother)
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what's stranger anxiety
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at about the age of eight months, some infants develop a fear of strangers
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what's contact comfort
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instinctual need to touch and be touched by something soft
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Harry F. Harlow experiment
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Monkey chose mother made of cloth instead of wire mother that fed them because of comfort
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what's imprinting
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many animals become attached to the first moving object they see
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what's a warm parent
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shows a great deal of affection to their children and appear to really enjoy their comany
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what's a cold parent
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cold parents may not be as affectionate toward their children or appear to enjoy them as much
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what's a strict parent
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they impose many rules and watch their children closely
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what's a permissive parent
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impose few rules and watch their children less closely
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what's an authoritative parent
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they combine warmth with positive kinds of strictness
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what's an authoritarian parent
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beleive in obedience for it's own sake; have strict guidelines that they expect their children to follow without question
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what's unconditional positive regard
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parents love and accept their children for who they are no matter how they behave
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what's conditioinal positive regard
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parents show love only when the children behave in certain acceptable ways
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what was jean piagets theory
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beleived humans organized information through assimulation and accommodatioin
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what's assimulatioin
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the process by which new information is placed into categories that already exist
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what's a accommodation
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a change brought about because of new information
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what's the sensorimotor stage
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infants begin to understand that there is a relationship between their physical movements and the results they sense and perceive
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what's object permanence
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the understanding that objects exist even when they cannot be seen or touched
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what's the preoperational stage
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one dimensional; children can only see one aspect of situation at a time
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what does egocentrism mean
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the inability to see another persons point of veiw
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what's the concrete-operational stage
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starts about age seven; children begin to show signs of adult thinking
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what's the formal operational stage
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began to think abstractly. begin to think ahead and understands a certain aspect of a situation
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what was the criticism that piaget got about his theories
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many beleived that his methods caused him to underestimate the abilities of children
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what did psychologist lawrence kohlberg do
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devised a cognitive theory about the development of childrens moral reasoning
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what's the preconventional level according to kohlberg
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through the age of nine most children base their judgements on the consequences of behavior
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what's the conventional level according to kohlberg
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people make judgements in terms of whether an act is right or wrong
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what is the postconventional level accordcing to kohlberg
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When one bases a reasoning off of their own moral standards of goodness
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