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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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folate
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increase in month before and first 3 months of pregancy
found in - cereals, breads, green leafy vegetables, legumes, fruit, orange juice, supplements neural tube development (spina bifida) red blood cell development 0.5mg/day |
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nutrition and pregnancy
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physiological changes, habitual and motivational changes, increased requirements
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physiological changes in pregnancy
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hormone production, git motility, blood volume expansion, blood composition dilution, renal function, absorption, metabolism
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key nutrients in pregnancy
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folate, protein, energy, iron, zinc, calcium vit c, vit d, fibre, omega 3 fatty acids, iodine
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EAR
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estimated average requirement
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RDI
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recommended daily intake (99%)
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excess weight gain in pregnancy
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longer hospital stays, high bp, dvt, weight retention post partum, problems initiating breastfeeding, double rate NTD
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insufficient gain in pregnanacy
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preterm delivery
perinatal morbitidy and mortality |
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iron supplementation in pregnancy
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only supplement if insufficient before conception
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fluid fibre
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gastrointestinal
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vitamin c pregnancy
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cellular metabolism, collagen, wound healing
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calcium pregnancy
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doesnt really increase because absorption increases
more 3rd trimester |
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AI
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adequate intake (not by population studies)
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vitamin d pregnancy
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immunity, from sunlight
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omega 3 fatty acids pregnancy
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reduces allergies, regulate immune responses,
maybe only in people with high chance of getting allergy helps brain growth |
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iodine pregnancy
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increase
thyroxine growth and development of tissues found in fruits, veggies and fish |
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lactation
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nutrient needs increase
protein, zinc, iodine, energy increase vegetables, fruit, protein, |
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pregnacy general what to eat
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increase fruit to 4 serves
bit more protein should meet requirements |
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breast is best for baby
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sole nutrition for 6 months
no mums who breast feed deceases from birth (95%) - 6mths (33%) |
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best predictor of breast feedin
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antinatal intention
-decision in first trimester if decided 19x more likely to breast feed |
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maternal benefits of breastfeeding
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may protect against cancer (breast/ovarian)
decreased chance of pregnancy increased chance weight loss decreased diabetes |
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infant benefits of breast feeding
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lower risk of diseases in life
breast milk is uniquely adapted to growth patterns, nutritional needs and metabolic capabilities of babies |
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benefits of breast feeding
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nutrition, immunological, physiological, psychological
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composition of breast milk
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balanced, residue, readily utilised, meets high everchanging needs
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elderly nutrition advice
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dont eat too much and stay healthy
vs we will help you eat more and live longer |
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third age
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active retirement following middle age
<65 years apparently healthy & active in society modern meds keeping people in this age |
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fourth age
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frail, lossing weight
popular dietary rules no longer apply not really age cut off |
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nutrition goals in third age
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modified guidelines to young adults
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nutrition goals in fourth age
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maintaining muscles and bone strength
prevent further malnutrition |
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sensory with age
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decreased taste, smell, sight, hearing, touch
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gastrointestinal problems in elderly
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anorexia, loss of teeth, constipation, harder to chew and swallow food
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musculoskeletal problems elderly
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less muscle, decreased lean body mass
functional and metabolic changes decreased mobility decreased in metabolic rate can alter due to physical inactivity, inadequate nutrition change rate by increase protein intake |
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psychosocial issues elderly
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obtaining food, loss of loved ones (wife dies, men cant cook), social event -> skipped meals
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reported low nutrients
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vit b6, b12, d, calcium, zinc
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adapted dietary guidelines third age
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similar to adults
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adapted dietary guidelines fourth age
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loss of muscle is greater health hazard to elderly than being overweight
stop further malnutrition, frequent meals, |
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HIV/AIDS
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blood born, sexually transmitted retrovirus
decreases immune system |
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CD4 count
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lower number - more advanced (200)
how much left in body |
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viral load
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high number - more advanced/ faster progression (1 million)
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HIV meds side effects
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nausea, vomitting, poor appetite, taste changes, bloating, weightloss, metabolic problems.
increase risk of cvd, dm, osteoporosis, mental health issues |
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weight loss HIV
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HIV wasting syndrome
hypermetabolism supplements |
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diarohea hiv
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avoid spicy, fatty foods
psyllium husks |
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fat dedistribution syndrome
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Lipodystrophy/lipoatrophy
Development of local fat deposits (eg. buffalo hump) Loss of subcutaneous fat from face and periphery –arms, legs, chest, buttocks Visceral fat accumulation Breast enlargement in women Altered glucose metabolism/insulin resistance hyperlipidium |
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hyperlipidimia how to fix
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dietary managment
modified fat, not lower total fat poly&monounsaturated fat increase decrease sat fat increased fibre |
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impaired glucose tolerance HIV
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weight loss - not too much
low gi foods decrease saturated fats |
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exercise HIV
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Cardiovascular -Hypercholesterolemia
-Impaired glucose tolerance/T2DM - Reduce central fat accumulation (Take care for excessive weight loss) Resistance Training - Improve body image associated with lipoatrophy - Increasing LBM linked to lower morbidity/mortality rates in PLWHA - Programs should be drawn up by HIV experienced exercise physiologist or physiotherapist |
