Photosynthesis Packet

Front 1

photosynthesis needs ____ (energy from the sun)
____ (found in chloroplasts)
____ (friends of chlorophyll found in plants, but which reflect different colors that chloropyll doesn't cover as much)
____ (usually from the ground of surrounding the plant)
____ (from the atmosphere)
____ (already present in the chloroplasts but which are necessary to combine and modify the needed products along the way)

Back 1

light
chlorophyll
acessory pigments
water
CO2
catalysts (enzymes) and other molecules

Front 2

of the light that reaches each, appx. ____% is used. most is ____ back into ____

Back 2

1%
reflected, space

Front 3

____ contains the ____ wavelength and ____ energy while ____ contains the ____ wavelength and ____ energy

Back 3

red, longest, least
blue, shortest, most

Front 4

the ____ used in photosynthesis primarily utilize the wavelengths of ____ nm and ____ nm.

Back 4

pigments
700-680

Front 5

chlorophyll are found in ____

Back 5

chloroplasts

Front 6

chlorophyll absorbs ____ and beings its transformation into ____

Back 6

light energy, chemical emergy

Front 7

there are #____ kinds of chlorophyll, but there may be even more than that!

Back 7

5

Front 8

chlorophyll ____ is in ALL plants, and the other types vary among species

Back 8

A

Front 9

acessory pigments are responsible for which colors?

Back 9

all colors other than what chlorophyll doesn't cover well

Front 10

____ is broken down in the fall, this causes the ____ in the ____

Back 10

chlorophyll, color change in leaves

Front 11

an example of accessory pigment is ____ that reflects orange

Back 11

carotenoids

Front 12

waste from water is ____

Back 12

oxygen

Front 13

water plays a key role in photosynthesis because the process needs ____ and ____

Back 13

hydrogen ions and electrons

Front 14

the ____ not used in photosynthesis the ____ given off as a by-product

Back 14

oxygen, O2

Front 15

the carbon found in all living things comes from ____ through the photosynthesis process. the carbon in carbohydrates, such as glucose, starch, and cellulose began as ____ in the ____

Back 15

carbon dioxide, CO2, atmosphere

Front 16

____ and ____ couldn't in themselves carry out photosynthesis. they need other substances to chemically react with in order to trade ____ and complete the process

Back 16

enzymes and other molecules, electrons

Front 17

some of the enzymes and other olecules include ____, ____, ____, and ____

Back 17

NADP+, NADPH, ADP, ATP

Front 18

PGAL is the ____ of photosynthesis

Back 18

end product

Front 19

the plant may put a couple of ____ together to form ____

Back 19

PGAL, glucose

Front 20

photosynthesis consists of 3 major events:
-____
-____
-____

Back 20

absorption of light
conversion of light energy into chemical energy
storage of chemical energy as carbohydrates

Front 21

the 3 basic steps of photosynthesis are:

Back 21

absorb
convert
store

Front 22

although there only 3 major events, there're about #____ chemical reactions involved

Back 22

80

Front 23

light-dependent reaction aka ____

Back 23

light reaction

Front 24

light-independent reaction aka ____ or ____

Back 24

dark reaction or calvin cycle

Front 25

LDR takes place in the ____/____

Back 25

grana/thylakoid membrane

Front 26

LDP is the "____" part that ____ light and ____ into ____

Back 26

photo, absorbs, converts, chemical energy

Front 27

LIR takes place in the ____

Back 27

stroma

Front 28

LIR is the "____" part that's also called "____" because ____ is "fixed" by the addition of ____ and ____ atoms to form ____

Back 28

synthesis, carbon fixation, CO2, hydrogen, oxygen, PGAL

Front 29

thylakoids are flattened ____ embedded with ____, ____ ____, and ____ used to carry on the LDR

Back 29

sacs, chlorophyll, accessory pigments, enzymes

Front 30

thlakoids

Back 30

flattened sacs embedded with chlorophyll, accessory pigment, enzymes used to carry on the LDR

Front 31

grana

Back 31

stacks of pennies

Front 32

LDR 1:
when light strikes the ____ in the thylakoids, certain ____ in the ____ and ____ ____ get excited. the electrons in the chlorophyll can't stand it any longer and break away. these electrons are passed down through the ____ ____ like water being passed down in buckets to stop a fire. this is called the ____ ____ ____. their extra ____ is stored in ____

Back 32

chlorophyll, electrons, chlorophyll, accessory pigments, thylakoid membrane, electron transport chain, energy, ATP

Front 33

LDR 2:
the ____ used up and sent along their way are replaced by the ____ breaking up ____ into ____, ____, and ____. the oxygen will eventually be given off as the oxygen that we breathe. the extra ____ and the ____ will be added to ____ to form ____, which will be used in the ____

Back 33

electrons, water, hydrogen ions, oxygen, electrons, H+ ions, electrons, NADP+, NADPH, LIR

Front 34

LDR 3:
so, the products of the LDR are ____, ____, and ____. light energy has now been converted to chemical energy in ____ and the by-products are ____ and ____

Back 34

NADPH, ATP, O2, ATP, NADPH, O2

Front 35

stroma are colorless, "gravy"-like substance ____ the ____ (stacked thylakoids)

Back 35

surrounding, grana

Front 36

stroma

Back 36

colorless "gravy"-like substance surrounding the grana

Front 37

LIR 1:
the overall idea of the LIR is to take ____ from the air, and ____ it with the ____ from water via the ____ of ____ (now being stored in ____)

Back 37

carbon dioxide, combine, hydrogen, LDR, chlorophyll, NADPH

Front 38

LIR:
the hydrogen combined with carbon dioxide from the ____ is stored in ____ from ____ via the ____ reactions.

Back 38

air, NADPH, water, LDR

Front 39

LIR 2:
we need C's, H's, and O's to form ____. we also need ____. but that's OK, since we have the ____'s now. we start out with a #____-____ molecule already in the cycle. by adding ____'s (from the ____ in the ____) and ____'s (from the ____ in the ____) we get various forms of ____

Back 39

carbohydrates, energy, ATP, 5-carbon, C's, CO2, atmosphere, H's, water, LDR, CH2O

Front 40

LIR 3:
the first molecule to be formed from the #____-____ molecule + C's, H's, and O's is a #____-____ molecule that then breaks down into two #____-____ molecules (aka ____) these molecules are the most important, because all of the potentially different types of ____ (no matter how complex) form from these ____ molecules. these molecules are important enough to have their own name. they are called ____.

Back 40

5-carbon, 6-carbon, 3-carbon, PGAL, carbohydrates, PGAL, PGAL

Front 41

what is first formed in LIR from the 5-carbon molecule?

Back 41

a 6-carbon molecule

Front 42

LIR 4:
#____ ____'s combine to form ____. but not all ____'s are used to make ____. some must be used to make more of the #____-____ molecule we started with. some can leave the ____ and be used for ____ production in the cell. the PGAL can also be used to help synthesize ____ ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, and other compounds. the end productions of the LIR are ____ and other ____-containing molecules formed from ____

Back 42

2 PGAL's, glucose, PGAL's, carbohydrates, 5-carbon, chloroplast, energy, amino acids, proteins, enzymes, lipids, chlorophyll, PGAL, carbon-containing, PGAL

Front 43

what goes into LDR?
and what comes out?

Back 43

H2O --> O2

Front 44

what goes into LIR?
and what comes out?

Back 44

CO2 --> sugars/carbohydrates

Front 45

what's transferred from LDR to LIR?

Back 45

ATP and NADPH

Front 46

what's transferred from LIR to LDR?

Back 46

NADP+ and ADP (with phosphate)

Front 47

what does LDR use?

Back 47

water, ADP, and NADP+

Front 48

ATP and NADPH provides energy to build ____

Back 48

sugars

Front 49

units of light energy

Back 49

photons

Front 50

when electrons get excited, that means they're ____

Back 50

energized

Front 51

the water broken up into #____ ____, #____ ____, and #____ ____

Back 51

2 hydrogen ions, 1 oxygen atom, 2 electrons

Front 52

the hydrogen ions broken apart from water molecules are released in the ____

Back 52

thylakoid membrane

Front 53

in carbon fixation, carbon from ____ is converted into ____

Back 53

CO2, carbohydrate

Front 54

calvin cycle uses #____ ____ to produce #____ #____-carbon sugar

Back 54

6 CO2, one 6

Front 55

CH2O is a ____

Back 55

carbohydrate