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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
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CO2 + H2O ---Solar Energy---> (CH2O) + O2
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What are the products of photosynthesis?
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O2 (Oxygen) & CH2O (carbohydrate)
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What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
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Light/Solar Energy
H2O (Water) CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) |
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Where does photosynthesis take place?
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Chloroplasts
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What are the principal pigments in photosynthesis?
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Chlorophyl b - yellow-green
Chlorophyl a - blue-green Xanthrophylls - yellow-orange Carotenes - yellow |
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List photosynthesis pigments in order of solubility. Most polar to least polar.
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Chloraphyll b
Chloraphyll a Xanthrophylls Carotinoids/Carotenes |
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What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
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To create and store usable energy/carbohydrates from solar energy.
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Oxidation
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The loss of hydrogen atoms.
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Reduction
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The gain of hydrogen atoms.
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What colors of light are obsorbed best by the pigments in the chloroplasts for photosynthesis?
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Blue & Red
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What color is not obsorbed by pigments in the chloroplasts for photosynthesis?
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Green
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What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when white light is replaced by green light?
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Photosynthesis stops.
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What is phenol red used for?
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pH indicator.
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Autotrophs
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Photosynthethic organisms that create their own food. (land plants, algae, cyanobacteria)
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Heterotrophs
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Consumers, take in performed organic molecules. (People, animals)
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What happens in photosynthesis?
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Carbohydrates/glucose are produced.
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Why did the fluid in the tube move "up" during photosynthesis?
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Oxygen was being produced.
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Why did the column of fluid in the tube move down during cellular respiration?
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Oxygen was being consumed.
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In photosynthesis, what happens to the solution as carbon dioxide is consumed?
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It becomes more basic.
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Where does cellular respiration take place?
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Mitochondria
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What is the purpost of cellular respiration?
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Produce ATP/ Energy.
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How do we measure the rate of photosynthesis?
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By measuring the release of oxygen during photosynthesis and comparing it to the uptake of oxygen during respiration.
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What was the purpose of the sodium bicarbonate in the photosynthesis experiment?
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Sodium bicarbonate breaks down into CO2 carbon dioxide.
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What happened in the photosynthesis experiment when the elodea plant was wrapped in foil?
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Photosynthesis stopped. Cellular respiration began.
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What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration?
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
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What is the purpose of the pigments in photosynthesis?
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They absorb solar energy.
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What are CO2 and H2O used for in photosynthesis?
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CO2 is oxidized to produce oxygen.
H2O is reduced to produce glucose. |
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Non-Cyclic Pathway - Photosystem II
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Pigment complex absorbs solar energy, energy is passed from one pigment to the other until it is concentrated in the reaction center, electrons become so energized they escape and move to nearby electron acceptor molecules, an electron acceptor sends energized electrons down the ETC (electron transport chain), hydrogen ions are captured and ATP is produced.
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Cyclic Pathway - Photosystem I
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Pigment complex absorbs solar energy, energy is passed from one pigment to the other until it is concentrated in the reaction center, electrons become so energized they escape and move to nearby electron acceptor molecules (different ones from PSII), the acceptors pass their electrons to NADP+, NADP+ accepts 2 electrons and an H+ to become NADPH.
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What is produced in Photosystem II and what is it used for?
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ATP: Used during the Calvin cycle in the stroma to reduce carbon dioxide to a carbohydrate.
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What is produced in Photosystem I?
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NADPH: Used during the Calvin cycle to reduce carbon dioxide to a carbohydrate.
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What is the purpose of the Calvin cycle?
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To reduce carbon dioxide to a carbohydrate.
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What does the Calvin cycle use and what does it produce?
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It takes up carbon dioxide and reduces it to a carbohydrate that can later be turned into glucose.
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Chemiosmosis
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The process of ATP production. Process by which mitochondria and chloroplasts use the energy of an ETC to create a hydrogen ion gradient that drives ATP formation.
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Where does chemiosmosis take place?
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In the mitchondria and in the chloroplasts.
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What is C4 Photosynthesis?
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An adaptation that allows some plants to avoid photorespiration and to keep their stomata closed to reduce the loss of water in hot dry environments.
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Where do C4 plant photosynthesis reactions take place?
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Carbon dioxide fixation takes place in the mesophyll cells.
The Calvin cycle occurs in the bundle sheath cells. |
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What enzyme do C4 plants use to fix carbon dioxide to PEP?
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PEP carboxylase.
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What is CAM Photosynthesis?
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crassulacean-acid metabolism – flowering succulent water-containing plants that live in warm, dry regions of the world. During the night CAM plants use PEPCase to fix some CO2, forming C4 molecules, which are stored in the large vacuoles in mesophyll cells. During the day, C4 molecules release CO2 to the Calvin cycle when NADPH and ATP are available from the light reactions. The primary advantage for this partitioning again has to do with the conservation of water. CAM plants open their stomata only at night for CO2.
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In CAM photosynthesis C4 molecules are stored where?
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In the large vacoules in mesophyll cells.
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In CAM photosynthesis when do C4 molecules release carbon dioxide and why?
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Carbon dioxide is released to the Calvin cycle during the day when solar energy is available to produce ATP & NADPH.
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When do CAM plants take in CO2?
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They open their stomata at night to take up CO2.
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What is the primary advantge of a CAM plant?
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Conservation of water for the plants survival.
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