Photosynthesis And Respiration Vocab

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Photosynthesis

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the complex process by which carbon dioxide,water and certain inorganic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants,algae, and certain bacteria using energy from the sun

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Cellular Respiration

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the oxidation of organic compounds that occurs within cells producing energy for cellular processes

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Pigment

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any substance whose presence whose presence in the tissue or cells of animals or plants colors them

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Chlorophyll

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the green coloring matter of leaves and plants essential to the production of carbohydrates by photosynthesis

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Carotenoid

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any of a class of yellow to red pigments found especially in plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. the carotenoids absorb light energy of certain frequencies and transfer it to chlorophyll for use in photosynthesis

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Carbon Dioxide Fixation

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the process by which carbon from the atmosphere in converted into carbon compounds such as carbohydrates in plants and algae usually by photosynthesis

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Calvin Cycle

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a series of chemical reactions that occur as part of photosynthesis in which carbon is broken away from gaseous carbon dioxide and fixed as organic carbon in compounds that are ultimately converted into sugars

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Aerobic

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living or occurring only in the presence of free oxygen: aerobic bacteria

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Anaerobic

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living or occurring in the absence of free oxygen: anaerobic bacteria

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Glycolysis

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a metabolic process that occurs in nearly all living cells in which glucose is converted in a series of steps to pyruvic acid and during which energy is released in the form of ATP

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Fermentation

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any of a group chemical reactions induced by microorganisms or enzymes that split complex organic compounds into relatively simple substances especially the anaerobic conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast

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Stroma

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the colorless semiliquid material inside chloroplast in which the thylakoid membranes are embedded and where the dark reactions of photosynthesis occur

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ATP

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adenosine triphosphate ; a nucleotide found in the mitochondira of all plant and animal cells. it is the major source of energy for cellular reactions this energy being released during its conversion to ADP

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ADP

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adenosine diphosphate ; a nucleotide derived from ATP with the liberation of energy that is then used in the performance of muscular work