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15 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Photosynthesis
the complex process by which carbon dioxide, water, and certain inorganic salts are converted into carbohydrates by green plants, algae, and certain bacteria, using energy from the sun and chlorophyll.
Cellular respiration

the oxidation of organic compounds that occurs within cells, producing energy for


cellular processes.

Pigment
Any substance whose presents in the tissues or cells of animals or plants color them.
Chlorophyll
The green coloring matter of leaves and plants, essential to the production of carbohydrates by photosynthesis.
Carotenoid

Any class of yellow to red pigments found


especially in plants, algae, and photosynthesis bacteria. The carotenoids absorb light energy of certain frequencies and transfer it to chlorophyll


for use of photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide fixation
The process by which carbon from the atmosphere is converted into carbon compounds, such as carbohydrates, in plants algae, usually by photosynthesis.
Clavin cycle
A series of chemical reactions that occur as part of photosynthesis, in which carbon is broken away from gaseous carbon dioxide and fixed as organic carbon in compounds that are ultimately converted into sugars.
Aerobic
Living or occurring only in the presence of free oxygen: aerobic bacteria.
Anaerobic
living or occurring in the absence of free oxygen: anaerobic bacteria.
Glycolysis

A metabolic process that occurs in nearly all


living cells in which glucose is converted in a


series of steps to pyruvic acid and during which


energy is released in the form of ATP.

Fermentation

Any group of chemical reactions induced by microorganism or enzymes that split complex


organic compounds in to relatively simple


substances, especially the anaerobic conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast.

Stroma

The colorless semiliquid material inside a


chloroplast, in which the thylakoid membranes are embedded and where the dark reactions of photosynthesis occur.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate; a nucleotide found in the mitochondria of all plant and animal cells. It is the major source of energy for cellular reactions, this energy being released during it


conversion to ADP.

ADP
Adenosine diphosphate; a nucleotide derived from ATP with the liberation of energy that is then used in the performance of muscular work.