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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Calvin Benson Cycle (pathway for building glucose subunits)
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RuBP from CO2 fixation split into 2 PGA. ATP gives a phosphate group to the PGA. NADPH gives hydrogen & electons forming PGAL.
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total yield of ATP from aerobic and anaerobic respiration
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aerobic - 36 ATP
anaerobic - 2 ATP |
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3 events that take place during light-dependent reactions
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1. pigments absorb light energy & give up electrons
2. electron & hydrogen transfers lead to development of ATP & NADPH 3. pigment that gave up electrons has them replaced |
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3 functions of the 2nd stage of aerobic respiration
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1.pyruvate broken down into water
2.strips hydrogen & electrons 3.stores (2)as coenzymes & transports them to 3rd stage |
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3 stages of aerobic respirations and what happens
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1. glycolosis
2. krebs cycle - pyruvate is broken down into CO2 and water 3.electon transport phosphorylation-produces 32ATP |
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what energy releasing pathway is used by bacteria
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anaerobic electron transport
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net energy yield of glycolosis
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2 ATP
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2 types of fermentation, what organisms use them, how much ATP is produced, from what part of reaction is produced
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lactate and alcoholic - bacteria and protists, 2 ATP, glycolosis
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Where do light dependent and light independent reactions happen in the chloroplast?
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light-dependent - thylakoid membrane in the grana
light-independent - stroma |
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3 sources the body uses for storing and/or obtaining energy
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carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
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why doesn't all energy produces become available for other reactions
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its used to sustain the reactions
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electron transport systems
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organized sequence of enzymes & coenzymes bound to a membrane
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what 2 pathways make ATP and which is more efficient?
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cyclic & noncyclic
noncyclic is more efficient |
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how do plants store their sugar phosphates and why in those forms?
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sucrose - most easily transportable sugar
starch - osmotically inactive |
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equation for photosynthesis
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12H20 + 6CO2 -----> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + 6H2O |
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3 general types of pigments found in chloroplasts and what they absorb
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chlorophylls - violet to blue and red
carotenoids - violet and blue phycobilins - yellow and green |
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difference between C3, C4, and CAM plants
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C3 - less sensitive to cold, fix CO2 during day
C4 - very hot growing season, fix CO2 during day CAM - fix CO2 only at night, adapted to levels of low moisture, stomata closed during the day |
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raw materials used in light-independent reaction
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carbon dioxide, ATP, hydrogen, and electrons
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2 products resulting from light-dependent reactions and what they provide
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ATP - energy
NADPH - electrons and hydrogen |
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equation for anaerobic respiration
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 -------> 6CO2 + 6H2O
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where aerobic & anaerobic pathways take place and the final acceptor of electrons
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aerobic - cytoplasm, mitochondria - oxygen
anaerobic - cytoplasm, anything but oxygen |
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light dependent reactions
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energy from sunlight is absorbed and converted to ATP energy. Water molecules split and the hydrogen and electrons from splitting of water and becomes NADPH.
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chemoautotrophs vs. photosynthetic organisms
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chemoautotrophs use other chemicals for energy (sulfate)
photosynthetic use the sun as a source of energy |
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3 energy releasing pathways
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aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration fermentation |
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light independent reactions
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ATP donates energy to places producing glucose. Carbon dioxide splits to provide carbon and oxygen. Water splits to form hydrogen.
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by-product of light-dependent reaction and why its important
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oxygen - it allowed an oxygen rich atmosphere to build up allowing animals to live and plants to expand population
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What are the final products of photosynthesis?
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sucrose, starch, and other carbohydrates
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sugar phosphate is building block for what substances
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glucose and sucrose
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what are products of photosynthesis used for in a plant?
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they are the building blocks for
-reparing, growth, survival, and reproduction |
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Glycolosis
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splits and rearragnes glucose into pyruvate, produces 4 molecules of ATP but only 2 are needed, oxygen is not used, happens in cytoplasm, 1st step in 3 pathways
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carbon dioxide fixation
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carbon dioxide is split apart and attaches to RuBP
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