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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How is light energy converted to chemical energy ? |
1. Solar energy capture 2. Photosynthesis 3. Complex carbs (glucose) 4. Respiration 5. Energy; ATP |
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Structures of Chloroplast |
-Outer membrane -Inner membrane -Thylakoids (flattened sacks) -Granum (stack of thykakoids) -Stroma (liquid matrix) |
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Two Major classes of pigment in chloroplast. |
Chlorophylls -a and b -absorb blue and red -transmit green Carotenoids -absorb blue and red -transmit warm hues. |
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What happens when light is absorbed by pigment molecules. |
Electrons get excited. |
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Fate of excited electrons. |
1. In thylakoids, 200-300 chlorophyll and accessory molecules organize into an array called an antenna complex. 2. In antenna complex energy passes from one chlorophyll to another exciting electrons in the process (Resonance energy transfer. 3. In the reaction center energy is absorbed by specialized chlorophyll molecules, electrons are transferred to an electron acceptor which becomes reduced. Light energy has now been converted to chemical energy. |
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Photosystem II |
When an excited electron leaves chlorophyll in the reaction center of photosystem II, the electron is accepted by pheophytin, transferred to PQ and then stepped down in energy along and electron transport chain. Located in the membranes surrounding thylakoid lumens. Produces ATP. |
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Photosystem I |
When excited electrons leave the chlorophyll molecule in the reaction center of photosystem I they pass through a series of iron and sulfur containing proteins until they are accepted by ferredoxin. In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction the reduced form of ferredoxin reacts with NADP+ to produce NADPH. |
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Calvin Cycle |
Occurs in stroma 1. Fixation 3RuBP + 3 CO2 = 6 3PGA 2. Reduction 6 3PGA +6ATP +6NADPH = 5 G3P or 1 G3P yield 3. Regeneration 5G3P + 3ATP = 3RuBP |
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Where does Photosynthesis occur in the cell? |
Thylakoids. |
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How does Z-scheme work to generate ADP and NADPH? |
Z scheme connects Photosystems I and II. Photosystem II releases ATP and I releases NADPH. |
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Plastocyanin |
Electrons excited in photosystem II are passed through electron transport chain and picked up by plastocyanin and transfered to oxidized pigments in photosystem I reaction center. |
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C4 vs C3 plants |
C4 Three Carbon Compound + CO2 Pep carboxylase Four carbon organic acud C3 RuBP + CO2 Rubisco Two 3-phosphoglycerite. |
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Crassulacean acid metabolism |
In CAM plants CO2 is initially fixed to four carbon compounds then released to fuel the calvin cycle. This increases CO2 levels in plant tissues and reduces the effect of photo respiration when stomata are close. |
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Photosynthesis |
3 CO2 + 3 H2O + Energy = carb + 3O2 |
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Benefits of C4 |
C4 pathway acts as a CO2 concentrator since CO2 is trapped in bundle sheath cells. This improves the function of rubisco which is usually an inefficient enzyme. |
