Phonology Chapter 1 Flashcards

Front 1

ɯ • u
ɤ , o
ʌ • ɔ
ɑ • ɒ

Back 1

vowels- back, high closed,
vowels- closed mid back
vowels- open mid back
vowels- open low back

Front 2

phonetics

Back 2

an experimental science studying sound from production, acoustics and perception

Front 3

phonology

Back 3

tests phonetic data, goal is to understand the tacit system of rules that a speaker uses in apprehending and manipulating the sounds of a language

Front 4

production

acoustics

Back 4

how sounds are made in the vocal tract

study of sound wave forms by which speech is transmitted

Front 5

perception

Back 5

how the acoustic signal is processed to detect the sequence intended by the speaker

Front 6

vocal tract

Back 6

all portions of human anatomy through which air flows in the course of speech production, includes larynx, lungs, pharynx, oral and nasal cavity

Front 7

layrnx

Back 7

a complex structure of muscle and cartilage located in the neck, contains vocal cords

Front 8

vocal cords

glottis

Back 8

parallel flaps of tissue extending from each side of the interior larynx wall

slits between the vocal cords

Front 9

arytenoid cartilage

glottal stop

Back 9

two small cartilages that are held at the rear ends of the vocal cords

when the vocal cords are held together, this is the sounds made

Front 10

voicing

thyroid cartilage

Back 10

when vocal cords vibrate

where both of the ends of the vocal cords attach, can stretch and slacken cords and raise or lower voice pitch

Front 11

velar port

Back 11

an opening about halfway from the larynx to the lips

Front 12

alveolar ridge

Back 12

a bony ridge behind the upper lips

Front 13

hard palate

Back 13

the part of the mouth underlain by bone

Front 14

velum/soft plate

Back 14

the flap of soft tissue separating the mouth from nasal passages

Front 15

uvula

Back 15

dangly thing from rear end of velum.

Front 16

tongue

Back 16

has three parts: tip/apex and blade as well as body or dorsum. Rear part is the root

Front 17

Epiglottis

Back 17

flap behind the tongue root

Front 18

vowels

Back 18

highly sonorous sounds made with an open vocal tract

Front 19

consonants

Back 19

constricted sounds which are quieter

Front 20

stop

Back 20

when airflow is closed off

Front 21

fricative

Back 21

when there is a tight construction and hissing noise

Front 22

sibilant

Back 22

a stream of air directed at the upper teeth creating a noise which is turbulent
in English includes [s], [z] and [ʃ ]

Front 23

Affricate

Back 23

a stop followed by a fricative

in English it includes [tʃ ] and [dʒ]

Front 24

Nasal

Back 24

when the velum is lowered and air escapes through the nose

Front 25

tap/flap

Back 25

when an articulator makes a rapid brush against some articulatory surface [r]

Front 26

trill

Back 26

when an articulator is made to vibrate by placing it near an articulatory surface and letting air flow through the gap

Front 27

approximate

Back 27

consonants where construction is wide so it passes air w/out creating turbulence

Front 28

lateral approximate

Back 28

when air passes around the sides of the tongue [l]

Front 29

liquids

Back 29

sounds with a characteristic acoustic quality

Front 30

glides/semi vowel

Back 30

include the sounds [j] and [w]

Front 31

central approximate

Back 31

when air flows through a gap in the center of the tongue

Front 32

bilabial

Back 32

made by touching upper and lower lips together

Front 33

labiodental

Back 33

made by touching lower lip to upper teeth

Front 34

dental

Back 34

made by touching tongue to upper teeth

Front 35

alveolar

Back 35

made by touching tip or blade of tongue to a location forward of the alveolar ridge

Front 36

palato alveolar

Back 36

sounds made by touching the blade of the tongue to a location just behind the alveolar ridge

Front 37

retroflex

Back 37

sounds made by curling the tongue tip backwards and touching the area behind the alveolar ridge

Front 38

palatal

Back 38

sounds made by touching part of the tongue blade to the forward part of the tongue and hard plate

Front 39

velar

Back 39

sounds made by touching the body of the tongue to the hard or soft palate

Front 40

uvular

Back 40

sounds made by moving the tongue body straight back to touch the uvula and neighboring portions of the soft plate

Front 41

pharyngeal

Back 41

sounds made by moving tongue body down and back into the pharynx

Front 42

glottal

Back 42

sounds made by moving vocal cards close to one another

Front 43

voiceless bilabial stop
voiced bilabial stop
voiceless retroflex stop
voiced retroflex stop

Back 43

[p]
[b]
[ʈ ]
[ɖ]

Front 44

voiceless palatal stop
voiced palatal stop
voiceless velar stop
voiced velar stop

Back 44

[c]
[ɟ]
[k]
[g]

Front 45

voiceless uvular stop
voiced uvular stop
voiceless glottal stop
voiceless epiglottal stop

Back 45

[q]
[ɢ]
[ʔ]
[ʡ]

Front 46

bilabial nasal
labiodental nasal
alveolar nasal
retroflexed nasal

Back 46

[m]
[ɱ]
[n]
[ɳ]

Front 47

palatal nasal
velar nasal
uvular nasal
bilabial trill

Back 47

[ɲ]
[ŋ]
[ɴ]
[ʙ]

Front 48

alveolar trill
uvular trill
labiodental tap
alveolar tap

Back 48

[r]
[ʀ]
[ѵ†]
[ɾ]

Front 49

retroflexed tap
voiceless bilabial fricative
voiced bilabial fricative
voiceless labiodental fricative

Back 49

[ ɽ ]
[ɸ]
[β]
[f]

Front 50

voiced labiodental fricative
voiceless dental fricative
voiced dental fricative
voiceless alveolar fricative

Back 50

[v]
[θ]
[ð]
[s ]

Front 51

voiced alveolar fricative
voiceless post alveolar fricative
voiced post alveolar fricative
voiceless retroflexed fricative

Back 51

[z]
[ʃ ]
[ʒ]
[ʂ]

Front 52

voiced retroflexed fricative
voiceless palatal fricative
voiced palatal fricative
voiceless velar fricative

Back 52

[ʐ]
[ç]
[ʝ]
[x]

Front 53

voiced velar fricative
voiceless uvular fricative
voiced uvular fricative
voiceless uvular pharyngeal

Back 53

[ɣ]
[χ]
[ħ]
[ʜ]

Front 54

voiceless alveolar lateral
voiced alveolar lateral
voiced labiodental central approximate
voiced alveolar central approximate

Back 54

[ɬ ]
[ɮ]
[ʋ]
[ɹ]

Front 55

voiced retroflex approximate
palatal approximate
velar voiced central approximate
lateral alveolar approximate

Back 55

[ɻ]
[j]
[ɰ]
[l]

Front 56

glide

Back 56

non syllabic equivalents of vowels (semi-vowels)

Front 57

dipthong

Back 57

a sequence of two vowels that functions as a single sound

Front 58

syllabic consonants

Back 58

sounds that are normally consonants which are prolonged slightly and serve as a nucleus of a syllable.

Front 59

tone

Back 59

using different pitch to distinguish words

Front 60

intonation

Back 60

using voice for purposes other than distinguishing words

Front 61

rounding

Back 61

narrows the passage of air to the exit

Front 62

height

Back 62

makes passage of air wider or narrower
higher vowels are more narrow

Front 63

backness

Back 63

when part of the body of the tongue is placed towards the back of the mouth

Front 64

front closed vowels
closed mid vowels
open mid vowels
dipthongs

Back 64

[i] and [y]
[e] and [ø]
ɛ • œ
a • ɶ

Front 65

central high vowels
upper mid central vowels
open mid central vowels
lower mid central vowels

Back 65

ɨ • ʉ
ɘ • ɵ
ɜ • ɞ
ɐ

Front 66

back closed vowels
back closed mid vowels
open mid back vowels
open back low vowels

Back 66

ɯ • u
ɤ • o
ʌ • ɔ
ɑ • ɒ