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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the speech chain
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encoding-production-acoustics-audition-decoding/perception
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phonation
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where the sound is created
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egressive
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exhalation produces sound
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medulla oblongata
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sends commands to the respiratory muscles
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adducted vocal chord
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closed
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abducted vocal chord
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open
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articulation
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shapes of the vocal tract
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orbicularis oris
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muscle to contract lips, sphincter
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vowel space
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area in the oral cavity within which the tongue can move w/o creating friction
defined by the position of two extreme vowels [i] and [a] |
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tense vowels
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longer durations
outer sides of vowel space |
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rhotacization
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rhotacized vowels are produced with an r-coloring quality as in "fur" and "hurt"
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waveforms
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time x amp
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spectrograms
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time x frequency
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simple harmonic motion
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simplest form of vibration, pendulum
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amplitude
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max amt of displacement of a particle on the medium from 0
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infrasound
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less than 20hz
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ultrasound
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more than 20,000hz
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fourier analysis
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all sounds can be analyzed by breaking them down in sinusoids which constitute the signal
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fourier synthesis
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add two waves, add their amplitudes = pressure
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sawtooth waveform
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changing amp.
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resonator
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something set into forced vibration by another vibration
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source
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vocal fold vibration
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filter
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vocal tract
reinforces some f and dampens others |
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formant frequencies
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the frequencies reinforced by the filter are
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formants
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different distributions of energy
allow specific frequencies to pass through block the transmission of others |
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spectrogram
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t x freq.
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phonation spectogram
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vertical black striations @ more or less regular time intervals
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fricative noise
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messy, no regularities, varies in amp (darkness)
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wide band
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analyses over short time window
more info in the time domain shows formants but smears harmonics |
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narrow band
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analyses over long time
more detail visible w respect to frequency reveal harmonic structure hard to find the formants |
