Phonetics Chapter 2

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Acoustic Phonetics

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the branch of phonetics that deals with the acoustic properties of sound; is a subfield of physics that deal with the generation and transmission of sound

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Allograph

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any one alphabet letter or combination of letters that represent a particular phoneme. one phoneme may be represented (spelled) by several different allographs.

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allophone

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one of the sound variants within a phoneme class, often used in a specified phonetic context

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alphabet

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a system of written symbols used to express a language

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arresting

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another name for syllable-final sounds, they arrest (stop) the syllable

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articulatory phonetics

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the branch of phonetics that deals with how sounds are formed; also called physiological phonetics

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clinical phonetics

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the branch of phonetics that deals with errors or abnormalities in the production of sound.

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closed

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a syllable that ends in a consonant

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complementary distribution

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a term used to describe two or more allophones of a particular phoneme that occur in a mutually exclusive phonetic contexts

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diacritic mark

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a special symbol used to modify a phonetic symbol to indicate a particular phoneme that occur in mutual exclusive phonetic contexts

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dialect

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different usage patterns within a language; speakers of one dialect of the same language

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dictionary

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an inventory of the words in a language, usually together with their meaning

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final

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the final position or segment in a word, e.g the t in the word bat is a final consonant

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free variation

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a term used to describe allophones that may be exchanged for one another in a particular phonetic context

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geminate

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sounds that occur as a pair, such as the two k sounds in bookkeeper or the two s sounds in gas supply

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grapheme

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a unit in the writing system of a langauge

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idiolect

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an individual or personal pattern of language usage. Each user of language has an idiolect

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initial

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the first position or segment in a word. e.g the b in the word bat is an initial consonant

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lexicon

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an inventory of the morphemes in a languag

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medial

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a middle position or segment in a word (i.e not initial or final) the b is medial in the words rubber, rebut,and tooth brush.

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minimal contrast

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a sound segment distinction by which two morphemes or words differ in pronunciation. minimal contrasts are basic to the discovery of phonemes in a language.

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morph

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an individual morpheme like shape in a language sample

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morpheme

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the smallest unit of language that carries a semantic interpretation (meaning)

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morphemic transcription

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a written account of the morphemic content of a language sample

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morphemics

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the study of morphemes; a subfield of linguistics

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morpholoy

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the part of linguistics concerned with the study of morphemes, the meaning-bearing elements of a language

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open

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a syllable that does not end in a consonant

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phone

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a particular occurrence of a speech sound segment

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phoneme

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a basic speech segment that has linguistics function of distinguishing morphemes (the minimal units of meaning in a language)

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phonetic symbol

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a written character that represents a particular speech segment

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phonetic transcription

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a written account of the sound segments in a s spoken language sample

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phonology

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the study of the structure and function of sounds in langauge

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postvocalic

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occurring after a vowel, e.g the t in the eat is a postvocalic consonant

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prevocalic

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occurring before a vowel, e.g the b in bee is a prevocalic consonant

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regional dialect

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a pattern of language usage that is shared by people living in a particular geographic region. A language mat have several regional dialects

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releasing

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another name for syllable-initial sounds; they releases (begin) the syllable

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sign language

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a system of communication that uses manual symbols, such as hand positions, postures and movements to express language

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speech

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a mode of language expression based on sounds emitted though the nose and mouth

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speech community

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a group of people who live within the same geographic boundaries and use the same language