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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give one positive and one negative evaluation point for the Biological explanation of phobias
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+ Easy to study through twin studies
- Some twins may develop phobias through imitation rather than inheritance |
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What are two parts of the psychological approach explanation to phobias?
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1. Psychodynamic approach
2. Behavioural approach |
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What does the psychodynamic approach suggest causes phobias?
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Phobias are a defence mechanism against anxiety caused by repressed impulses
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What does the behavioural approach suggest causes phobias?
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Phobias develop through conditioning
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According to behaviourists what are the two types of conditioning responsible for the development of phobias?
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1. Classical conditioning
2. Operant conditioning |
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Give one positive and one negative evaluation point for the Behavioural explanation of phobias
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+ Can explain phobias caused by traumatising childhood events
- Most phobics can not remember any encounters with anxiety causing stimulus. |
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Outline the findings of Torgersen (1983) twin study.
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Found concordance rates of 31% in MZ twins and 0% for DZ twins
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Outline the findings of Lader and Matthews (1968)
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agoraphobics and social phobics have higher levels of arousal.
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Outline the case study of 'Little Albert' by Watson and Rayner (1920)
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11 mth old was conditioned to fear a rat, this was then generalised to any white objects
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