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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is BP dependent on?
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-CO cardiac output
-TPR total peripheral resistance -BV blood volume |
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What is CO dependent on?
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-HR
-SV |
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What is TPR dependent on?
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Vascular diameter
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What are the rapid changed of BP?
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-HR
-SV -Vascular diameter |
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WHat are the slow changes of BP?
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Blood Volume
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What is hypertension?
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-Chronically elevated blood pressure
-Systolic and diastolic pressure measures important -Diastolic pressure more critical |
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What diseases does Hypertension Induce?
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-Congestive Heart Failure
-Stroke (Ischemic and Hemorrhagic) -Renal Disease These are correlated with intensity and duration of hypertension |
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What do antihypertensive drugs do?
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-DEC CO
-DEC TPR -DEC Blood volume most important are on TPR and blood volume Symptomatic treatment rather than targeting the problem, cuz not indentified |
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What is the strategy of Hypertension treatment on TPR?
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INC vascular diameter
-Vasodilators -DEC NE mediated constriction -DEC hormonal vasoconstrictors |
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What is the strategy of Hypertension treatment on Blood volume?
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DEC Vascular (arterial) volume
-DEC body Na & water |
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What is the strategy of Hypertension treatment on CO?
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DEC SNS mediated effects in heart
DEC Vascular (arterial) volume |
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What is the problem with drug treatment of hypertension?
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Any drug that reduces blood pressure will activate physiological mechanisms to restore blood pressure to “normal”.
INC HR -potential Angina -Potential Arrythmia INC blood volume (RAS activity) |
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What types of drugs are used to treat hypertension?
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-Modulators of sympathetic outflow
-Peripheral adrenergic antagonists -Vasodilators -RAS inhibitors -Diuretics -Ca channel blockers |
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What is Methyldopa?
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A sympathetic modulator that DEC "CNS Drive" of peripheral SNS
-used in treatment of hypertension |
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What is Clonidine?
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A sympathetic modulator that DEC "CNS Drive" of peripheral SNS
-used in treatment of hypertension |
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What is Trimethaphan?
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A sympathetic modulator
Autonomic ganglion-based -Used in the treatment of hypertension |
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What is Reserpine?
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A sympathetic modulator
Adrenergic neuron blocking agent -Used in treatment of Hypertension |
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What is methyldopa's mechanism?
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-Substitute for DOPA in NE neurons -> α methylnorepinephrine
- α MNE = NE in periphery - α MNE > NE at CNS α2 receptors -> DEC cns sympathetic output -> -DEC vasomotor tone -DEC cardiac output -DEC RAS activity -> DEC bp |
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what is methyldopa used for?
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essential hypertension
taken orally |
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What are the side effects of methyldopa?`
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-Sedation
-Depression -Dry Mouth -Edema & weight gain |
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What is the mechanism of clonidine?
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- α2 agonist in medulla of brain
- DEC "drive" to preipheral SNS - DEC NE release and outflow from CNS - Vasodilation (reflex tachycardia) - DEC HR & Contractility - -> DEC CO - DEC RAS activity which results in decreased bp |
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What is clonidine used for?
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Essential hypertension
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What are the side effects of clonidine?
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-Sedation
-Dry mouth |
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What is Guanethidine?
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A sympathetic modulator
"Adrenergic neuron blocking" agent |
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What is Reserpine?
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A sympathetic modulator
"Adrenergic neuron blocking" agent |
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What is the mechanism of Guanethidine & Reserpine?
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-Blocks peripheral NE release
-Depletes NE stores peripherally -No CNS therapeutic effects DEC -HR -CO -Arterial tone -TPR -RAS activity which DEC bp |
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What is an "adrenergic Neuron blocking" agent used for?
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severe essential hypertension
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What are the side effects of an "adrenergic Neuron blocking" agent?
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-Hypotension
-Edema -Compromised renal function -Sedation (Reserpine CNS effect) -Depression (reserpine CNS effect) |
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What α1 blocker is used for hypertension treatment?
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Prazosin
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What is prazosin?
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A α1 blocker used for hypertension treatment
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what is prazosin mechanism of attack?
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α1 antagonist
-> DEC vascular smooth muscle tone which -> DEC TPR which -> DEC bp |
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What are the side effects of prazosin?
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-Orthostatic hypotension
-Dizziness -"Weakness/Fatigue" -Reflex tachycardia -RAS activation |
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What drugs are used for adrenergic antagonist treatment for Hypertension?
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α blocker
-Prazosin B1 & 2 blocker -Propanolol B1 -Atenolol -pindolol α and B -Labetolol -Carvedilol |
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What is propanolol?
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a B1/2 antagonist
-can be used in hypertension treatment |
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What is atenolol?
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B1 selective antagonist
-can be used in hypertension treatment -without side effects of propanolol |
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What is Pindolol?
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B1 selective antagonist
-can be used in hypertension treatment -without side effects of propanolol |
