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193 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ABG
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Arterial Blood gases
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ABO Blood Group
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Four blood types A, B, AB, and O based on the presence or absence of two antigens identified as A and B
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Accession Number
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A no. generated by the LIS when the specimen requested is entered into the computer.
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Accession
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To record in the order recieved
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ACT
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Activated clotting time
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Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT or PTT)
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Test used to eveluate intrinsic coagulation pathway function and monitor heparin therapy
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Additive
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Substance (other than the tube stopper or coating) such as an anticoagulant, antiglycolytic agent, separator gel, preservative or clot activator placed in a tube
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Aerobic
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With air
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Aerosol
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A fine mist of the specimen
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Airborne Precautions
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Precautions used in addition to standard precautions for patients know or suspected to be infected with microorganisms trasnmitted by airborne droplet nuclei
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Aliquot
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A protion of the specimen used for testing
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Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)
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An antigen normally present in the human fetus that us also found n amniotic fluid and maternal serum. It is also present in certain pathologic conditions in males and non-pregnant females
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Amniotic fluid
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Clear, almost colorless to pale-yellow fluid that fills the membrane that surrounds and cushions a fetus in the uterus
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Anerobic
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Without air
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Analyte
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A general term for a substance undergoing analysis
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Anchor
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To secure firmly, as n holding a vein in place by pulling the skin taut with the thumb
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Anemia
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An abnormal reduction in the number of RBCs in the circulating blood
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Antecubital Fossa
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The area of the arm anterior to and below the bend of the elbow, where the major veins for venipuncture are located
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Antecubital veins
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Major superficial veins located in the antecubital fossa
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Antibody
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Protein substance manufactured by the body in response to a foreign protein or antigen and directed against it
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Anticoagulant
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A substance that prevents blood from clotting
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Antigen
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A foreign substance that causes the formation of anibodies that are then directed against it.
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Antiglycolytic Agent
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A substance that prevents glycolysis, the breakdown or metabolism of glucose (blood sugar) by blood cells. Most common is Sodium Fluoride
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Antimicrobial Removal Device (ARD)
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Blood culture bottle containing a resin that removes antimicrobials (antibiotics) from a blood specimen
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Antimicrobial therapy
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Use of antibiotics to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms
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Antiseptic
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Substances used for skin cleaning that inhibit the growth of growth of bacteria
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Aorta
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The largest artery in the body, arising from the l. ventricle of the heart, apx 1" in dia.
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Arm/wrist band
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Two other names form ident. bracelets
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Arteries
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Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
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Arterioles
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The smallest branches of arteries, which join with the capillaries
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Anticoagulant
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A substance that prevents blood from clotting
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Antigen
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A foreign substance that causes the formation of anibodies that are then directed against it.
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Antiglycolytic Agent
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A substance that prevents glycolysis, the breakdown or metabolism of glucose (blood sugar) by blood cells. Most common is Sodium Fluoride
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Antimicrobial Removal Device (ARD)
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Blood culture bottle containing a resin that removes antimicrobials (antibiotics) from a blood specimen
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Antimicrobial therapy
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Use of antibiotics to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms
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Antiseptic
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Substances used for skin cleaning that inhibit the growth of growth of bacteria
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Aorta
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The largest artery in the body, arising from the l. ventricle of the heart, apx 1" in dia.
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Arm/wrist band
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Two other names form ident. bracelets
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Arteries
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Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
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Arterioles
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The smallest branches of arteries, which join with the capillaries
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Arteriovenous Shunt (AV shunt)
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Permanent, surgical fusion of an atery and a vein. It is typically created to provide acess for dialysis; also called an AV fistula or graft
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ASAP
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As soon as possible
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Atria
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(singular: atrium) The upper recieving chambers on each side of the heart for blood
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Bacteremia
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Bacteria in the blood
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Bar code
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A series of blach stripes and white spaces of varying widths that correspond to letters and numbers
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Barrel
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A term for the cylindrical body of a syringe with graduated markings in either mL or cc
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Basal state
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Refers to the resting metabolic state of body early in the morning after fasting for a minumum of 12 hours.
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Basilic vein
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Large vein on the innerside of the antecubital area that is the last choice vein or venipuncture
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Bedside Manner
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The behavior of a healthcare provider towrd ir as percieved by a patient
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Bevel
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The point of a needle that is cut on a slant for ease of skin entry
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Bilirubin
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A product of the breakdown of RBCs
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Biohazard
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Short for Biological hazard; anything potentially harmful to health
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Biosafety
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Term used to describe the safe handling of biological substances that pose a risk to health
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Bleeding Time (BT)
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Test that measures the time required for blood to stop flowing from a standardized puncture on the inner surface of the forearm
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Bloodborne pathogen (BBP)
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Term applied to infectious microorganisms in blood or other body fluids
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Breach of Confidentiality
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Failure to keep privileged medical information private
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B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
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Cardiac hormone produced by the heart in response to ventricular volume expansion and pressure overload.
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Buccal swab
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Swabs of material collected from the inside of the cheek
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Bullet
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Name for a microcollection container
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Butterfly
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Another term for a winged infusion set
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Calcaneus
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Medial term for heel bone
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Capillaries
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Microscopic, one-cell thick vessels that connect arterioles and venules, forming a bridge between arterial and venous circulation
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Carryover
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Cross-contamination or transfer of additive from one tube to the next
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Catheterization
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Term used to describe a urine specimen collected from a sterile catheter inserted through the urethra into the bladder
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Capillary Blood Gases (CBG)
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Blood gas determinations performed on arterialized capillary specimens
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Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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A division of the U.S. Public Health Service charged with the investigation and control of disease with epidemic potential
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Central processing
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Screening and prioritizing area where specimens are received and prepared for testing
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Centrifuge
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A machine that spins the blood tubes at a high number of revolutions per minute
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Cephalic vein
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The second-choice antecubital vein for venipuncture, located at the lateral aspect of antecubital fossa
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Cerobrospinal Fluid (CSF)
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Clear, colorless liquid that circulates within the cavities surrounding the brain and spinal cord; it has many of the same components as plasma
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Certification
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Evidence that an individual has mastered fundemental compentencies in a particular technical area
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Chain of custody
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Special strict protocol for forensic specimens that requires detailed documentation tracking the specimen from the time it is collected until the results are reported
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Chain of infection
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A number of components or events that when in a series lead to an infection
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Clean Catch
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Method of obtaining a urine sample so that is is free of contamination matter from external genital area
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Clot activator
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A substance tht enhances the coagulation process
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Coagulation
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The blood clotting process
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Communicable
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Able to spread from person to person as disease
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Concentric circles
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Circles with a common center; starting from the center and moving outward in ever-widening circles
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Confidentiality
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The ethical cornerstone of professional behavior; the practive of regarding information concerning a patient as priviledged and not to be disclosed w/o patients authorization
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Contact Precautions
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Precautions used in addition to standard precautions when a patient is know or suspected to be infected or colonized with epidemiologically important microorganisms that can be transmitted by direct contact with patient or indirect contact with surfaces or patient-care items
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Contact Transmissions
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Tranfer of an infectious agent to a susceptible host through direct or indirect contact
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Crossmatch
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A test to determine suitability of mixing donor and recipient blood
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Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)
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Microbiology test that includes placing a specimen on special nutrient media that encourages the growth of microorganisms, identifying that growth,and then performing sensitivity/antibiotic susceptibility testing to identify antibiotics that will be effective against them
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Cyanotic
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Marked by cyanosis or bluish in color from the lack of oxygen
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Data
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Information collected for analysis
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Differental (diff)
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A test in which the number, type, and characteristics of blood cells are determined by examining a stained blood smear under a microscope
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Direct-contact Transmission
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ranser of an infectious agent to a susceptible host through closeor intimate contact such as touch or kissing
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Discard tube
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Also called "clear tube"; a tube used to collect and discard appx. 5 mL of blood to prevent IV or tissue fluid contamination of a specimen
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Disinfectants
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Substances or solutions that are used to remove or kill microorganisms or surfaces and instruments
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Distal
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Farthest from the center of the body, origin, or point of attachment
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DNR
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Do not resuscitate
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DOT
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Department of Transportation
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Droplet precaution
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Precautions used in addition to standard precautions foro patients known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms transmitted by droplet (particles >5um in size) generated when a patient talks, coughs, or sneezes and during certain procedures such as suctioning
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Droplet Transmission
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Transfer of an infectious agent to the mucousmembranes of the mouth, nose, or conjunctiva of the eyes via infectious droplets (particles >5 um in size) generated by talking, coughing, sneezing, or during certain procedures such as suctioning
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Drug screening
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The practice of testing employee's or athletes' urine or blood to screen for illicit or illegal drugs
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Due care
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The leel of care that a person of ordinary intelligence and good sense would exercise under the given circumstances
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Edema
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Swelling due to abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissue
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EDTA
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Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; an anticoagulant that prevents the coagulation by binding or chelating calcium and is used for hematology studies because it preseves cell morphology and inhibits platelet clumping
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Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
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An actual record of the electrial currents that correspond to each event in heart muscle contractions
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Electrolytes
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Substances such as K or Na that conduct electricity when disolved in water
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Enter Key
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Button on keyboard for data input
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Epidermis
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The outermost and thinnest lay of the skin
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Erythema
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Redness
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Erythrocytes
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RBCs; anuclear, disk-shaped blood cells whose main function is to carry O2 from the lungs to the tissue cells and transport CO2 away from the cells to the lungs
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Ethanol
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Ethyl or grain alcohol
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ETOH
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Abb.for ethanol or blood alcohol
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Evacuated tube system (ETS)
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A closed system in which the patient's blood flows directly into a collection tube through a needle inserted into a vein
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Evacuated tube
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Type of tube used in blood collection that have a premeasured vacuum and are color-coded to denot the additive inside
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Fasting
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No food or drink except water for appx 12 hours
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Fecal Occult Blood Test
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A test that detects hidden (occult)blood in stool (feces).
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Femoral Artery
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Large artery located superficially in the groin, lateral to the pubis bone, which is the largest artery used for arterial puncture
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Fibrinogen
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Also called factor I; a protein found plasma that is essential for clotting blood
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Fibrinolysis
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Stage 4 of hemostasis a process that results in removal or dissolution of a blood clot once healing as occured
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Flanges
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Extensions on the sides of an evacuated tube holder that aid in tube placement and removal
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Flea
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Small metal bar that is inserted into the tube after collection of a capillary blood gas specimen to aid in mixing the anticoagulant by means of a magnet
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FOBT
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Fecal occult Blood Test
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Forensic Specimen
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Specimen collected for legal reasons
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Formed Elements
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Cellular portions of the blood
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FUO
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Fever of unknown origins
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Gauge
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A number that relates to the diameter of the lumen of a needle
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Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT)
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A test used to diagnose carbohydrate metabolism problems
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Glycolysis
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The breakdon or metabolism of glucose (blood sugar) by blood cells
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Gonads
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Glands that manufacture and store gametes and produce hormones that regulate the reproduction process
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Great Saphenous Vein
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The longest vein in the body, located in the leg
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Hardware
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Computer equipment used to process data
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HBV
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Hepatitis B virus, the virus that causes Hepatitis B
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Hematocrit (HCT)
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Percentage by volume of RBCs in whole blood
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Hematoma
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A swelling or mass of blood (often clotted)such as that caused by blood leaking from a blood vessel during or following a venipuncture
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hemoconcentration
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A decrease in the fluid content of the blood with a subsequent increas in nonfilterable large molecule
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Hemoglobin (Hgb or Hb)
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An iron-containing pigment in RBCs that enables them to transport oxygen and CO2 and also gives them their red color
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Hemolysis
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Damage or destruction or RBCs and release of hemoglobin into the fluid protion of a specimen, causing the serum color to range from pink (slight hemolysis) to red (gross hemolysis)
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Hemolyzed
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The condition of serum or plasma that has hemglobin from broken RBCs in it
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Hemopoiesis
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Production and development of blood cells and formed elements, normally in the bone marrow
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Hemostasis
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Process by which the body stops leakage of blood from the vascular system after injury; also known as coagulation process
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Hemostatic plug
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Blood clot formed from blood cells and platelets trapped in a network of fibrin strands
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Heparin Lock
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A catheter or cannula with a stopcock or cap with a diaphram to provide acess for administering medication or drawing blood
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Heparin
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Anticoagulant that prevents clotting by inhibiting thrombin formation
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HIPAA
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
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Histologic
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Pertaining to the microscopic structure of tissue
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HMOs
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Health Maintenance Organizations
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Hormones
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Powerful chemical substances that affect many body processes
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Hospice
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A type of care for patients who are terminally ill
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HUB
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The end of the needle that attaches to the blood collection device; also the threaded end of a tube holder where the needle attaches
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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
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Hormone that appears in both urine and serum begining approximately 10 days after conception. HCG is the substances detected in pregnancy tests
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
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The virus that causes acquired immunodefeciency syndrome (AIDS
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Hypodermic needle
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The type of needle used with the syringe system
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Hypothryroidism
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Disorder characterized by insufficient levels of thyroid hormones
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Iatrogenic
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An adjective used to describe an adverse condition brought on by the effects of a treatment
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Icteric
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A term meaning "marked by jaunduce"; used to describe serum, plasma, or urine specimens that have an abnormal deep yellow-brown color due to high bilirubin levels
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Icterus
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Also called jaundice; a condition characterized by a high bilirubin (a product of the breakdown of RBCs) level in the blood, leading to deposits of yellow bile pigment in the skin, mucous membranes. and sclera, giving the patient a yellow appearance
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Id band/bracelet
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Identification band/bracelet
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ID card
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Clinic-issued patient identification document
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ID code
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Unique identification for users
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Immune
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Protected from or resistant to a particular disease or infection because of the development of antibody against a particular vaccination or recovery
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Indwelling line
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another name for central venous catheter (CVC)
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Infection
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Invasion of the body by a pathogenic microorganisms resulting in injurious effects or disease
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Infectious Agent
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The pathogen responsib le for causing an infection; also called the causitive agent
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Inflammation
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Tissue reaction to injury, such as redness or swelling
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Informed consent
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Implies voluntary and competent permission for a medical procedure, test or medication
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Intravascular
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Within the blood vessel
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Intravenous (IV) line
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A catheter inserted in a vein to administer fluids
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Intravenous
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Of, pertaining to, or within a vein
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Isolation procedure
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Isolation procedures seperate patients with certain transmissible infections
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Jaundice
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Also called icterus; a condition characterized by increased bilirubin (a product of the breakdown of RBCs)in the blood, leading to deposits of yellow bile pigments in the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera, giving the patient a yellow appearance
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Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)
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A voluntary, non-governmental agency charged with (among other things) establishing standards for the operation of healthcare facilities and services
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K
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Potassium
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Kinesics
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The study of nonverbal communication
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Kinesics slip
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When the verbal and nonverbal messages do not match
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Lancet
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A sterile,disposable, sharp-pointed or bladed instrument that either punctures or makes an incisionin the skinto obtain capillary blood specimens for testing
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Lipemia
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Increased lipid content in the blood
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Lipemic
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Term used to describe serum or plasma that appears milky (cloudy white) or turbid due to high lipid content
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LIS
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Laboratory Information System
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Luer adapter
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In the Luer-Lock system, a device for connection the syringe to the needle, when locked into place it gives a secure fit
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Lumen
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THe internal space of a blood vessel or tube
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Lysis
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Rupturing, as in bursting of RBCs
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Lyse
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To kill or destroy, as in rupturing RBCs
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Malpractice
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A type of negligence commited by a professional
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Mastectomy
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Breast excision or removal
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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
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A written document containing general information as well as precautionary and emergency information for any product with a hazardous warning on the label
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Medial
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Toward the midling or middle
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Median cubital vein
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The prefered vein for venipuncture, located in the middle of the antecubital fossa
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Median cutaneous nerve
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A major motor and sensory nerve in the arm that les along the path of the brachial artery and in the vicinity of the basilic vein
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Medical terminology
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Special vocabulary of the health profession
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Metabolism
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The sum of all the physical and chemical reactions necessary to sustain life
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Microbe
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Short for microorganism; a microscopic organism or one that is not visible to the naked eye
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Microcollection container
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Small plastic tubes to collect the tiny ammounts of blood obtained from capillary punctures; also called capillary tubes and microtubes and sometimes referred to as "bullets" because of their size and shape
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Microhematocrit tubes
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Disposable, narrow-bore plastic or plastic-clad capillary tubes that fill by capillary action
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Midstream
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Term applied to urine collection in whic the specimen is collected in the middle of urination rather than at the beginning or end
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Military Time
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Also called European time; based om a clock with 24 numbers in stear of 12, eliminating the need to designate AM and PM
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Mnemonic
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Memory-aiding code or abbreviation used in LIS for example
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MR number
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Medical record number used for patient ID
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Multisample needle
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A type of needle that allos multiple tubes to be collected with a single venipuncture
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Myocardial Infarction (MI)
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Heart attack or necrosis (death) of heart muscle from lack of oxygen
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