Phl Final Cards

Front 1

Justice is getting what you deserve, and goods are distributed according to merit.

Back 1

Aristotle

Front 2

Patterned Theory- matching of some natural dimension

Back 2

Aristotle

Hint 2

Aristotle's made patterns w/ life

Front 3

In arguments for welfare programs he supports generosity

Back 3

Aristotle

Front 4

Just as a species of the proportionate

Back 4

Aristotle

Front 5

Patterned Theory- matching of some natural dimension

Back 5

Marx

Hint 5

Aristotle and Marx go together
Patterns!!!

Front 6

From each according to his ability, from each according to his needs!

Back 6

Marx

Front 7

Political power is the organized power of one class oppressing the other

Back 7

Marx

Front 8

Master and slave but with classes
Bourgeoisie and the proletariat

Back 8

Marx

Front 9

Abolish private property to have no owners, therefore there is no class struggle

Back 9

Marx

Front 10

Program of progressive income tax, no inheritance, free education, etc.

Back 10

Marx

Front 11

Human nature changes, state is transcended and labor vanishes

Back 11

Marx

Front 12

It is the philosophers job to change the world

Back 12

Marx

Front 13

Choose that which matches the distribution of needs

Back 13

Marx

Hint 13

Distribution of needs (DON)
Marx was the DON

Front 14

• Anyone under a government is obligated to obey its laws because they have consented to the subject of those laws

Back 14

Locke

Front 15

Governments are constructed to preserve property

Back 15

Locke

Front 16

Government may tax only with the consent of the majority

Back 16

Locke

Front 17

Money changes state of nature because it allows people to acquire more than they can immediately use

Back 17

Locke

Hint 17

state of nature is always locke

Front 18

“My body is and should be mine”
Labor Theory- My body makes things mine

Back 18

Locke

Hint 18

My body is mine
Its on "locke" down

Front 19

The limits in the state of nature are:
Waste: I can own only what I can use
Scarcity: There must be enough and as good left over for others

Back 19

Locke

Hint 19

Locke always talks about the state of nature

Front 20

Connects with historical theory, “justice of a distribution depends on how it came about”

Back 20

Locke

Hint 20

Man knows himself bes, Labor theory

Front 21

Bottom Up Model

Back 21

Locke

Front 22

Supports: General Rights and Procedural Positive Rights

Back 22

Locke

Front 23

The social contract serves in the state as the basis of ALL rights

Back 23

Rousseau

Front 24

"You are lost if you forget that the fruits of the earth belong to all and the earth to no one!"

Back 24

Rousseau

Front 25

The government may tax you only if the tax accords with the general will

Back 25

Rousseau

Front 26

If your will conflicts with the general will then
you are wrong about what is really desirable
the general will takes precedence
freedom consists in the defeat of your own will

Back 26

Rousseau

Front 27

Believes that private property is subordinate to the community’s right to all

Back 27

Rousseau

Front 28

it must be unanimously adopted

the general will becomes the sole authority

one must enter the contract without reservations

Back 28

Features of Social Contract,
Rousseau

Front 29

his theory of distributive justice in “________” is summarized as tolerating neither rich men nor beggars

Back 29

Social Contract, Rousseau

Front 30

believes the _______can transform humans because inequality has made them artificial

Back 30

Rousseau

Front 31

The ________can allow us to unite with all while remaining as free as before

And who said this?

Back 31

Social Contract

Rousseau

Front 32

no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions

Back 32

Rousseau

Front 33

If all men have some thing and none of them have to much then the social state is at their advantage

Back 33

Rousseau

Front 34

End Result Theories

justice of a distribution can be judged structurally— identity of people doesn’t matter

Back 34

Rousseau
and
Rawls

Hint 34

Remember the two R's

Front 35

Top Down Model

Back 35

Rousseau

Front 36

• Give up everything and you get everything back
o You give up everything willingly to the group so you can gain back your fruits of cooperation

Back 36

Rousseau

Front 37

Force —> right; possession —> property

Back 37

Rousseau

Front 38

Supports: general, procedural positive, and substantiative positive rights

Back 38

Rousseau

Front 39

State must choose best allocation of resources

Socialism: conscious direction of social forces to consciously chosen end

Back 39

Rousseau

Front 40

To ensure that everyone cooperates, everyone must benefit from arrangement

Back 40

Rousseau

Front 41

Chooses that with greatest area, that stays within its limits

Back 41

Rousseau

Front 42

• social and economic inequalities are just only if they result in compensating benefits for everyone
o in particular for the least advantaged members of society.

Back 42

Rawls

Front 43

• While the distribution of wealth and income need not be equal, it must be to everyone's advantage

Back 43

Rawls

Front 44

• The principles of justice are the principles that free and rational persons concerned to further their own interests would accept in an initial position of equality

Back 44

Rawls

Hint 44

the whole free and rational is rawls just remember

Front 45

agents are morally equal

agents do not know their talents or abilities, their wealth or station in life

agents choose the general distribution scheme for the state of which they are to be citizens

Who created this and what is it?

Back 45

Rawls's Veil of Ignorance

Front 46

Each person has equal right to the most extensive basic liberties compatible with similar basic liberties for others

Social and economic inequalities are arranged so that they are expected to benefit all and attached to positions open to all

Whose Principles of Justice is this?

Back 46

Rawls

Hint 46

BASIC Liberties
BASIC GLOVE RAWLings

Front 47

know all relevant laws of economics and sociology

know nothing about our own position in society

choose principles of justice

choose the maximin principle

who believes this?

Back 47

Rawls

Front 48

His maximin principle states that inequalities are justified only if they maximize the welfare of the least advantaged

Back 48

Rawls

Front 49

• Justice as fairness, principles of social justice are those that:

Free, rational, self interested, and equal

Back 49

Rawls

Front 50

Maximize that welfare of the least advantaged

Back 50

Rawls

Front 51

End Result Theories:

justice of a distribution can be judged structurally— identity of people doesn’t matter

Back 51

Rawls and Rousseau

Front 52

Persons would accept to govern their associations

Back 52

Rawls

Hint 52

people accept what is given to them: Veil of Ignorance

Front 53

Would choose that with the highest minimum point

Back 53

Rawls

Front 54

A distribution is just if it arises from another just distribution by legitimate means

Back 54

Nozick

Hint 54

Entitlement Theory

Front 55

From each as they choose, to each as they are chosen

Back 55

Nozick

Hint 55

connection from the origin

Front 56

Any distributional pattern with any egalitarian component is overturnable by the voluntary actions of individual persons over time

Back 56

Nozick

Front 57

Whatever arises from a just situation by just steps is itself just

Back 57

Nozick

Front 58

A theory of justice requires three subsidiary principles:

Acquisition: How to acquire a holding justly from nature

Transfer: How to transfer holdings justly

Rectification: How to correct an earlier injustice

What theory is this and who thought of it?

Back 58

Nozick, Entitlement Theory

Front 59

I hold something justly if and only if there is a chain of holdings back to an original acquisition from nature, with no uncorrected injustices

What theory does this explain?

Back 59

Nozick

Front 60

My shirt <— retailer <— wholesaler <— factory <— clothmaker <— cotton farmer <— cotton (nature)

What does this explain and what theory is it?

Back 60

Nozick's Entitlement theory