Philsoophy Final Notes

Front 1

Principle of testimonial arguments (PTA)

and what premise is this?

Back 1

in most cases, if a person says that some proposition is true, and that person is sincere, and that person is an expert on the subject matter, then the proposition is true.

premise 4

Front 2

what is a testimonial argument

Back 2

arguments whose main premise is that someone has said (or written) that a certain proposition is true and whose conclusion is that the proposition is true.

Front 3

what is a statistical statement

Back 3

some percentage of some group have some characteristic.

Front 4

what is a survey arguments

Back 4

presents a finding about a limited group, then generalizes it.

Front 5

what is a correlation

Back 5

the rate at which some property or characteristic shows up in two different groups.

Front 6

what is a slanted question

Back 6

questions that induce people to give inaccurate answers.

Front 7

Correlational Reasoning (CR)

Back 7

A is correlated with B in population P = within population P, the percentage of As who are B is greater than the percentage of non-As who are B.

Front 8

distant/remote cause

Back 8

event in early childhood cause certain behaviors later in life.

Front 9

immediate cause

Back 9

causes of an event that occur just before.

Front 10

chain cause

Back 10

when one event is a distant cause of another.

Front 11

Give the standard form of simple moral arguments

Back 11

1. All actions of kind A (or specifically action x) have property P
2. All actions having property P are right or wrong
3. All actions of kinda A (or action x) are right

Front 12

overall value

Back 12

combo total of harms and benefits

Front 13

Overall value principle

Back 13

if the overall value of an action, A, is positive then A should be done.

Front 14

OVP1 (revised)

Back 14

Person or group S should do action A iff the overal value of action A is greater than the overall value of ay alternative action that is available to S.