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40 Cards in this Set
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the branch of philosophy that answers questions such as ;What is knowledge??
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Epistemology
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Theory of being ;the branch of philosphy pursuing such questions as:What is Real?What is the difference between appearance and reality?Whatis the relation between mind and body?Are numbers real???
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Ontology
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The branch of philosophy that studies the structure of valid inference:a purely formal discipline.interested in the structure of argument rather than the content.
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Logic
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Moral values ;The study of duty
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Ethics
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The study of social institutions_____government.
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Political and social philosophy
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The study of beauty --Sensations
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Aesthetics
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A belief proposition or argument is said to be a __________if its truth or falsity can be established only thru observation.Classical empericism was an attempt to show that all significant knowledge about the world is based on _______truths
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a posteriori
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A term in ancient Greek philosophy usually translated as "virtue";though sometimes as excellence or quality.
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Arete
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An idea present at birth.
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innate knowledge
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A belief,proposition,or argument is said to be ____________ if its truth or falsity can be established independently of observation.Classical rationalism was an attempt to show that all significant knowledge about the world is based on ________truths, which most of the rationalist associate with innate ideas.
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a priori
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Usually associated with the philosophies of Plato or Aristotle.for Plato everything that exists in the physical or conceptual world is in some way dependent upon__________.
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Forms
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The epistemological view that true knowledge is derived primarily from reason.In most versions this material takes the form of innate ideas,(Descartes)
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Rationalism
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The only thing that doesn't change is change.
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HERaclitus
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One nameless element the "Indeterminate"
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Anaximander
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Everything explained by numbers.
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Pythagoras
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Catholic scientist;Rationalism;Analytic geometry;Earth not the center.
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Rene Descartes
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Descarte's dought;Evil genius;dreaming, Doubt Everything till reason found not to.
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Methological doubt
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Independent of observation
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A-priori
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Only by direct observation
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a-posteriori
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The epistemological view that true knowledge is derived primarily from sense experience.For these philosophers,,all significant knowledge is a posteriori.(Locke, Berkeley and Hume),all denied the existance of innate ideas.(blank slate)
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Empericism
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The ontological view that only one entity exists or one kind of entity exists.
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Monism
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The ontological view that reality is composed of a multiplicity of things of different kinds of things and that this multiplicity cannot be reduced to one or two categories.
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Pluralism
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The study of the evidence for the existence of purpose,design,and intentionality in both human and nonhuman domains.Goals,purposes,or intentions.Contrast with causal explanations
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Teleology
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Latin for blank slate.Epericism from John Locke forward assumed that the mind is a __________ at birth and that all knowledge muxty be inscribed on that blank slate by experience.
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tabula rasa
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A principal of simplification derived trom the medieval philosopher William of _________,according to which if there are two competing theories ,both of which account for all the observable data, the simpler of the two is the preferable.
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Ockham's razor
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The epistemological view that concepts are generalized ideas existing only in the mind but that they are derived and abstracted by the mind from real similarities and distinctions in nature.
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Conceptualism
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A __________ is that which is perceived immediately by any one of the senses prior to interpretation by the mind. _________ include the perceptions of color ,sounds ,tastes odors, tactile sensations,pleasures, and pains.Classical empiricism based itslf on the suppose foundation of _________
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sense data
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A proposition is a ___________.if it is in some way repetitive or redundant.For example.definitions are ___________ because their predicates are equivalents of the term being defined.
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tautology
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The theory according to which perception does not occur as the summation of a number of perceptual parts; rather,these perceptual parts themselves are derived grom the general perceptual field,which has properties that cannot be derived from any or all of the parts.
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gesalt psychology
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A state or perceptual confusion caused by the experience of sensations that are different from those anticipated.
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cognitive dissonance
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The ontological view that reality is composed of two kinds of beings, usually(as in Descartes)minds and bodies.
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Dualism
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The ontological view that ,ultimately,every existing thing can be shown to be spiritual or mental(hence,a version of monism),usually associated in Western philosophy with Berkeley and Hegal.
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Idealism
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Everything thing is in your consciense and can't be proved outside the mind.
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Idealism
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The ontological view that reality can be shown to be material in nature"that minds are really brains"
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Materialistic monism
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The theory that only observable features of human or animal activity need be studied to provide an adequate scientific account of that activity.
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Behaviorism
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A_________ is the mistake of taking a term or phrase tht belongs in one logical or grammatical category and erroneouslu placing it in another category and then drawing absurd conclusions from that miscategorization.
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a category mistake
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truth by definition
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conceptual truth
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redundant and repititious
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tautologies
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Qualitative as compared to the quantitative
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qualia
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x causes y
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causality
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