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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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t/f the principle of non contradiction states that opposite assertions can be true at the same time |
false |
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since crimea belonged originally to russia, russia had the right to seize it. which sentence is the premise |
crimea belonged orginally to russia |
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in logic what is an argument |
a series of statements with at least one premise and a conclusion |
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t/f brexit is a good thing. the previous passage is an argument
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false |
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t/f if it rains then there are clouds. there are clouds. hence, it rains. this argument is sound |
false |
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logic in greek in logos which means |
word or reason |
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logic |
teaches us how to think and reason, distinguish between good and bad reasoning |
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principle of non contradiction |
opposite assertions cannot be true at the same |
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4 sentence types |
- interrogative - imperative - exclamatory - declarative |
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what is a counterexample |
a case that disproves a general claim |
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not every reason is a good reason a reason is good if: |
it adequately supports a conclusion |
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what is an argument
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not proof, a series of statements where one or more statements (premises) are offered in support of another statement (conclusion) |
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what is the source of a conclusion |
premise |
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there is only an argument if there is a |
premise and conclusion |
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what is a premise? |
a reason for accepting a statement, answers the question how do you know |
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what is a conclusion |
a statement supported by a premise |
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deductive argument |
the conclusion is ALREADY contained in the premises |
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inductive argument |
the conclusion is NOT already contained in the premises |
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what do conditionals assert in reality? |
nothing |
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Valid form |
if a then B. a therefore b |
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affirming the consequence |
if a then b. b therefore a. |
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what makes a form valid |
if there are no instances of it where the premises are true and the conclusion is false |
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invalid form of reasoning |
if a then b (true). b (true) therefore a (false) |
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who wrote the apology |
plato |
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where does the apology take place |
athens |
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who went to the oracle in delphi |
chaerephon |
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what do he ask at the oracle in delphi and what was the answer |
if there was anyone wiser than socrates; no one wiser |
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does socrates think he is wise |
no |
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what were the three roles of the trial |
judges: men of athens accusers defendant: socrates |
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who were the 3 accusers in the trial? |
-meletus: poets -anytus: craftsmen/artisans -cycun: politicians/rhetoricians |
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first accusation of socrates (5 parts) |
-evil doer -curious person -searches into things under earth and in heaven -makes the worse appear the better cause -teaches this to others |
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what do sophists do |
use reasoning that is not sound but present it in a way that is sound |
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was socrates a sophist |
yes; an honest sophist |
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second accusation of socrates (4 parts) |
-evil doer -corrupter of youth -does not believe in gods of athens -has other divinities of his own |
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why does socrates look for a man wiser than him |
to find a counterexample |
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what did socrates think of the politician |
that he is not wise |
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is socrates aware of his ignorance |
yes |
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what is wisdom? |
it concerns things that are; hiamatus, really big and beautiful; things we value and love |
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what is most important in pursuing to socrates |
improvement of the soul |
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what is the soul/self |
mind and will |
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what makes a beautiful soul |
virtue |
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what are the four virtues/ cardinal virtues |
- fortitude -prudence -temperance -justice |
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fortitude |
doing good despite obstacles that way you down |
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prudence |
knowledge of the good of the whole, seeing the big picture |
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temperance |
if a mans reason governs his passions not his passions |
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wisdom |
knowledge of what is worth pursuing |
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if you lack wisdom then you lack _ |
virtue |
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what essentially killed socrates |
pride |
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why did the athenians hate socrates |
he presented a mirror and revealed them |
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can you willfully go against your self interest |
no |
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what is the conclusion of the apology? |
death is good for the virtuous man |
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what two reasons does socrates give for death being good |
-unconsciouness, sleep, pleasant, good -migration, conversation, pleasure, good |
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what is a symposium |
drinking together with men |
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what 3 questions are asked at the symposium |
-what is love -what is the function of love? -how does socrates practice love? |
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who were the 4 characters of the symposium |
-agathon: poet -socrates: philosopher -diotimma: wise woman -alcebiades: politician |
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what is agathon's thesis of love |
love is the most beautiful thing and best |
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agathon 6 part thesis of love |
1. love is love of something 2. love is desire of something 3. love is desire of perceived absent things 4. love is desire of perceived goods (valuable things) 5. love is desire to have perceived absent goods 6. love is desire to have perceived absent goods for the sake of unending happiness |
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why do we seek unending happiness according to agathon |
- to fulfill things; obtain a sense of completeness |
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symposium; what is the function of love? |
reproduction in beautify; pursuit of what is highest (the divine) |
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plato on pregnancy |
it is greater to be pregnant in mind than pregnant in body; reproducing in mind is more noble |
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love of beauty |
-eternal, divine beauty -beautiful mines (spiritual beauty) -all bodies - one body >physical beauty |
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according to plato, who is the best partner to make us better than we are |
erotic love/ desire |
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can we change our desires |
yes, by changing the way we evaluate things |
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how do we evaluate things different |
by growing in knowledge of them; having a broader view of things |
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how would we view physical beauty if we are acquainted with invisible spiritual/divine beauty |
as something petty |
