Philosophy Test#2

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Metaphysics:

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The branch of philosophy that deals with the first principles of things.

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Epistemology:

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The Theory of knowledge

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Axiology:

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The philosophical study of moral values and rules.

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Person:

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Law a human being or corporation recognized in law as having certain rights and obligations.

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Corporation:

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A company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity

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Sentience:

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The ability to feel or perceive.

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Intelligence:

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The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills.

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Self Awareness:

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Conscious knowledge of one'sown character feelings motives and desires.

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Santa Clara Co. V.S. Southern Pacific Railroad:

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Is often cited for the principle that the term person as used in the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment applies to corporation as well as the natural persons.

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Substance Dualism:

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is the philosophical position that states that there are two kinds of substance. (material and mental)

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Identity Theory:

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is a family of views on the relationships between mind and body.

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Interactionism:

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The theory that there are two entities mind and body

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Alan Turning:

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An english mathematician, who was responsible for formal description of abstract automata and speculation on computer imitation on humans

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Material Monism:

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Is the presocratic belief which provides an explanation of the physical world by saying that all of the world's objects are composed of a single element.

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Rene Descartes:

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Was a French philosopher and mathematician, he developed the dualistic theory mind and matter, introduced the use of coodinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions.

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Gilbert Ryle:

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Was a philosopher who made a important contribution to the philosophy of mind and "ordinary language philosophy".

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Turning Test:

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A test for intelligence in a computer

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Category Mistake:

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The error of assigning to something a quality or action that can properly be assigned to things only of another category.

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Consciousness:

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The state of being awake and aware of one's surroundings.

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Descartes method of systematic doubt:

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His method entails his suspending belief about absolutely everything except one thing,namely "Because he is doubting, he is thinking, and therefore must exist" ("i think therefore i am"

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The Cogito:

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The principle establishing the existence of a being from the fact of it's thinking or awareness.

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Evil Genius Thought Experiment:

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Since out senses cannot put us in contact with external objects themselves, but only with our natural images of such objects, we can have no absolute certainty that anything exists in the external world.

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What is the difference between substance dualism and material monism?

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Substance dualism argues that the mind is an independently existing substance, whereas monism is the position that mins and body are not ontologically distinct kinds of entities.

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What is Functionalism?

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Functionalism is a philosophy opposing the prevailing structuralism of psychology.

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Explain How Searle's Chinese Room thought experiment poses a problem for the claims of functionalists.

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Searle's Chinese Room Experiment poses a problem with the claims of functionalist because the experiment is intended to show that passim the turning test isn't sufficient for understanding

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Explain Descrates substance dualism, his arguments for it and problems associated with the arguments he mates in fewer of dualism

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According to substance dualism our minds and our bodies are two distinct substances compatible of existing apart . His argument rests on the claim that the essence of mind is though while the essence of body is extension and this duality of essences implies a duality of corresponding substance.

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Immaterial substance:

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Does not have features of matter, lacks extension

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What is Ryle's argument against substance dualism and what calls the Dogma of the Ghost in the machine?

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He believes that Descartes theory committed a special kind of mistake called category mistakes. He calls the theory cartesian dualism the Dogma of the Ghost in the machine.

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What exactly is the hard problem of consciousness?

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Is the problem of explaining how and why we have qualitative or phenomenal experiences.

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Explain how Phineas Gage can be used as an example to support identity theory of mind?

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If you lose a piece of your brain, you don't lose your mind, you still have a sense of thought.