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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Descartes view on the self?
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Thinking provides proof of existence. Descartes existence depends on mental substance
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What is Lockes view on the self?
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Lockes view emphasizes the memory
States that memory provides the link between different stages of a person (or mind) |
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Objections of personal identity
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We forget many experiences.
Inaccuracy of memories |
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Humes view on the self
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Self consciousness entails awareness of fleeting thoughts, feelings, and perceptions.
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Criticism of Humes view
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Uses argument in which he refers to "self". Contradictory
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Kant's argument for self
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Argues that you cant argue for the "self"
Experience belongs to someone experiencing them. "Transcendental" The self is presupposed |
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Soul theory
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Your soul constitutes personal identity
Problem: How do you verify that you have a soul? |
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Body Theory
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Your body constitutes PI
Problem: We think PI follows our mental content and not our body. |
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Brain Theory
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Personal identity follows the body.
Problem: What about split-brain cases? Where is the self? |
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Existentialism
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Identity is a matter of choice
The self is created through choices. |
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Jean-Paul Sartre
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No such thing as human nature.
What we are is a matter of decision "Each person chooses which facts are essential to one's self identity. |
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Bad Faith
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Possibility of refusing to accept responsiblity for one's choices. "Cafe Waiter"
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Self as a social product
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Defined by society
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RD Luing
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The idea that we are a product of society is detrimental to an individuals psyche.
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Sartre Nietszche and Kierkegards view on social product hyptohesis
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As existentialists, they completely reject this idea.
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Invididualism vs. Group
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Individualism is the dominant western mindstate
Problem: Society that's all individually minded can result in destruction of community |
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Herman Hesse
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Multiple personalities
It's OK to have multiple "selfs" for different social situations. Unhappiness occurrs b/c we attempt to stick to one self. |
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Femininity (Luce Irigaray)
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Claims that titles of masculinity or femininity are restricting.
Roles are changeable |
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Eastern Religions
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Claims that self is an illusion one accepts out of moral weakness or backwardness.
Everyone is interconnected |
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What is the main idea of fatalism? (Greek Tragedies)
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However free someone is, his or her predetermined end is inevitable. "What will be will be."
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Predestination
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Every action is known and caused in advance.
If god knows and causes, where does responsibility on the individual lie? |
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Determinism
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Everything that happens is determined according to the laws of nature.
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Hard Determinism
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"Matter in motion"
Subject to all laws of nature La Place |
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Indeterminism
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Not every event has a cause (leaves room for free will).
Determinism is of importance primarily for macroscopic bodies and not subatomic particles. |
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Criticism of Indeterminism
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It seems that chance or probability governs our actions.
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Compatabilism or Soft Determinism
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An action or decision may be determined, but also free if the event or action is not coerced or forced.
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Objections to Soft Determinism
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What if under the influence of drug or throws of passion
Just a redefinition of free will |
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Henry Frankfurt
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"Hierarchical compatabilism"
First order and second order desires. First is a physical object or desire. Second involves reflections or desires to affect your first order desire. Your ability to control your second order desires dictates your free will |
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Catherin Mackinnon
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Claims that porn leads to violence with women
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Free will and Determinists
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Accept determinism in science.
Think that you must still always act as if you have free will. |
