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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Ethics

a system of general moral principles and a conception of morality and its foundation; or the study of moral principles

Epistimology

the study of human knowledge - how we get it, what it is, whether we have it, or why we don't - pg 256 adds - its nature, its sources, its justifications

Cosmology

the study of the universe in its entirety (from the greek word for universe - cosmos)

Metaphysics

Most simply, the study of the most basic (or first) principles. Traditionally, the study of ultimate reality, or "being as such" Popularly, any kind of very abstract or obscure thinking. Most philosophers would describe it as the study of the most general concepts of science and human life -examples "reality" "existence" "freedom" "God" "soul" "action" "mind"

Ontology

The study of being. the study of "what is there" "what is it for something to exist" "What is an individual thing". Part of logic and linguistics and is the study of the concepts we use to discuss such matters

Aesthetics

the study of beauty and the experience of the beautiful

elenchus

engagement in dialog - uncovering contradictions

Socratic wisdom

Knowing that we know nothing

Dialectic

two people of opposing view points coming together in conversation to a better understanding/closer to the truth

sophists

a person who reasons with clever but fallacious arguments.



a paid teacher of philosophy and rhetoric in ancient Greece, associated in popular thought with moral skepticism and specious reasoning.



if knowledge is impossible then we can at least have rhetoric; described as bull artists; direct opposite of Socrates

Philosophy

a style of life - thinking about everything and anything - living thoughtfully and "loving the pursuit of wisdom"

Aristotle

student of Plato

Plato

student of Socrates

assumptions

beliefs we hold without having thought about them or having evidence or good reason for having them

critical

to examine carefully and cautiously, willing, if necessary to change one's own beliefs.

argument

an attempt to justify our beliefs

aphorisms

a short, striking general observation, usually just a sentence or two

asceticism

the comparison of the highest good and lowly in Western philosophy and religion aka "the simple life"


a life of self-denial and material simplicity, often to further philosophical or religious goals

Buddha

the awakened one. a name for the founder of the budhist religion - the ancient Indian prince Sidartha Gautama, after his enlightenment

enlightenment

a cultural and philosophical movement in the 18th century in Europe defined by a new confidence in human reason and individual autonomy.

Rene Descartes

7th century French philosopher - one of the founders of the Enlightenment

skepticism

a philosophical belief that knowledge is not possible, that doubt will not be overcome by any valid arguments. A philosopher who holds this belief is called a skeptic. Not mere personal doubt; it requires systematic doubt with reasons for that doubt

paradox

a self contradictory conclusion drawn from seemingly acceptable premises.

certainty

the ability to prove beyond a doubt that what we believe is true

axioms

obvious first principles that had to be formed without proof

self evident

obvious without proof or argument