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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Realism
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The philosophy which holds that there is a real external world which can be known.
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Relativism
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The belief that there are no absolutes.
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Skepticism
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The belief that one should doubt or suspend judgment on philosophical questions.
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Solipsism
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Metaphysically, the doctrine that "I alone exist." Epistemologically, the view that one knows only himself, nothing more.
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Subjectivism
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In ethics, the belief that there are no objective, universal principles of conduct.
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Substance
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According to Aristotle, the underlying essence; that in which all qualities of a thing inhere.
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Sufficient reason
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The principle (from Leibniz) that everything must have a rational explanation or cause.
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Syllogism
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A concise deductive argument, usually consisting of two premises and a conclusion.
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Syncretism
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The reconciliation or union of conflicting beliefs.
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Tabula rasa
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Literally, "blank slate." The empirical belief that man is born with no innate or inborn ideas.
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Tautology
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In logic, a statement that is true by definition, such as, "All triangles have three sides." Hence, an empty statement which affirms nothing about the real world.
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Teleological argument
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The argument from the design or purposiveness of the world to the existence of a Designer (God).
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Teleology
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In ethics, the view which stresses the end, result, or consequences of our actions (see deontology).
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Theism
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The world view that affirms the existence of a personal, infinite Creator of the world, who is immanent in the world, unlimited in power and in love.
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Transcendent
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That which is more than our experience or goes beyond the world. Theists say God is transcendent because He is outside of or beyond nature (see immanent).
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Universal
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The general concept or idea of a thing, as opposed to a particular instance or example.
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Univocal
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Literally, "of the same voice," or with the same meaning, as opposed to equivocal.
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Utilitarianism
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In ethics, the view that one should act to bring about the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
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Veridical
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True or accurate.
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Voluntarism, ethical
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The ethical view that traces moral principles to God's will; something is right because God wills it (see essentialism).
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