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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Realism
The philosophy which holds that there is a real external world which can be known.
Relativism
The belief that there are no absolutes.
Skepticism
The belief that one should doubt or suspend judgment on philosophical questions.
Solipsism
Metaphysically, the doctrine that "I alone exist." Epistemologically, the view that one knows only himself, nothing more.
Subjectivism
In ethics, the belief that there are no objective, universal principles of conduct.
Substance
According to Aristotle, the underlying essence; that in which all qualities of a thing inhere.
Sufficient reason
The principle (from Leibniz) that everything must have a rational explanation or cause.
Syllogism
A concise deductive argument, usually consisting of two premises and a conclusion.
Syncretism
The reconciliation or union of conflicting beliefs.
Tabula rasa
Literally, "blank slate." The empirical belief that man is born with no innate or inborn ideas.
Tautology
In logic, a statement that is true by definition, such as, "All triangles have three sides." Hence, an empty statement which affirms nothing about the real world.
Teleological argument
The argument from the design or purposiveness of the world to the existence of a Designer (God).
Teleology
In ethics, the view which stresses the end, result, or consequences of our actions (see deontology).
Theism
The world view that affirms the existence of a personal, infinite Creator of the world, who is immanent in the world, unlimited in power and in love.
Transcendent
That which is more than our experience or goes beyond the world. Theists say God is transcendent because He is outside of or beyond nature (see immanent).
Universal
The general concept or idea of a thing, as opposed to a particular instance or example.
Univocal
Literally, "of the same voice," or with the same meaning, as opposed to equivocal.
Utilitarianism
In ethics, the view that one should act to bring about the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Veridical
True or accurate.
Voluntarism, ethical
The ethical view that traces moral principles to God's will; something is right because God wills it (see essentialism).