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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who wrote "Moral Law"?
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Kant
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What was the point of Plato's "The Republic"?
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Why should I be just if I can get away with being unjust?
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Characters in "The Republic"?
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Socrates and Glaucon
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How does Plato support his argument?
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-Social contract
-A body is a society, with a wise ruler over different citizens (Multi-headed beast) -You'd be a slave to impulse if you did anything you wanted. |
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Who wrote "The Critique of Pure Reason"?
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Kant
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What did Kant argue?
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-Moral laws must be categorically imperative.
-The only thing good inherently is good will. -INTENTION defines morality. |
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What were Kant's two formulations?
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1. Act only if that action could become a universal law
2. Never use a person as a means to an end. All people are ends. |
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Mill was a what?
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utilitarianist
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How did Mill argue his point?
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-Greatest Happiness Principle: Greater good for most people.
-Duty is irrelevant to moral. |
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What is utilatitarianism?
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CONSEQUNECE IS ALL IMPORTANT
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What is eudaimonia?
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success, self-actualization
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What did Artistotle say man's proper function is?
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THE RATIONAL PURSUIT OF VIRTUE
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What did Artistotle say the ultimate goal is and how do we study it?
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Eduaimonia, from political science.
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Where is a virtue, says Aristotle?
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In the middle.
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What does Russel say the meaning of life is?
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Love
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What does Russel say about Love, Knowledge, and Pity
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He said these made his life worth living.
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Russel says what about Eudaimonia?
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It's choosing to relive your life
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What does Russell say in Problems of Philosophy?
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Like physics, a select few invent something but most people dont understand. It's about mankind in general. Philosophy aims at knowledge, the knowledge that gives unity
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What does Russel say the value of philosophy is?
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asking questions, not finding answers. with philosophy, unanswerable questions appear.
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INFORMAL FALLACIES
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FALLACIES
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ESSAY QUESTION
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1. Why should I be just if I can get away with being unjust?
2. Source of moral value? 3. What is the good life, how can eudaimonia be achieved? 4. What's the meaning of life? |
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Camus says that since life has no meaning, it's ____.
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aburdity
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Why should you be just if you can get away with it?
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If you give in to all desires, you are a slave
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What is Plato's big argument?
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It's better to be just, even if you could get away with being unjust.
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How does Plato support his big argument?
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1. Giving into all desires makes you a slave.
2. Disagrees that the magic rings will make you unjust. 3. Believes the social contract is vital. |
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Kant says that morality is defined by what?
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Good will, good intentions.
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What is Kant's big argument?
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Morality is about intentions.
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How does Kant support his big argument?
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-Morality is about good will
-Follow categorical imperatives (2) -Duty is important. |
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What is Mill's big argument?
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For the Greater Good
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What is Mill's ideaology?
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utilitarianism
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What is utalitarianism?
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Belief in the greater good
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Why should you be just if you can get away with it?
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If you give in to all desires, you are a slave
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What is Mill's big argument?
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Consequence defines morality, not intention.
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What is Plato's big argument?
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It's better to be just, even if you could get away with being unjust.
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How does Plato support his big argument?
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1. Giving into all desires makes you a slave.
2. Disagrees that the magic rings will make you unjust. 3. Believes the social contract is vital. |
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Kant says that morality is defined by what?
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Good will, good intentions.
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What is Kant's big argument?
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Morality is about intentions.
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How does Kant support his big argument?
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-Morality is about good will
-Follow categorical imperatives (2) -Duty is important. |
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What is Mill's big argument?
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For the Greater Good
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What is Mill's ideaology?
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utilitarianism
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What is utalitarianism?
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Belief in the greater good
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What is Mill's big argument?
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Consequence defines morality, not intention.
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How does Mill support his big argument?
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-The greatest happiness principle
-Consequence defines morality -Duty is baby shit. |
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Who argues about "worthy of swine" stuff?
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Mill
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What does Mill say about "worthy of swine"?
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People will choose crap over good culture.
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Who wrote "The Critique of Pure Reason"?
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Kant
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What is the meaning of life, says Aristotle?
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Eudaimonia, ("happiness")
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What is the ultimate science?
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political science, because it leads to audaimonia
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What is Aristotle's argument about man's proper function? (What it is and what it isn't)
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1. It's not to live because all animals live.
2. It's not pleasure because all animals can have pleasure. 3. It IS the rational purusit of virtue. |
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What is Arete?
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Virtue.
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How does Aristotle say to achieve virtue?
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MEAN between the extremes.
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What does Epicurus suggest?
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Hedonism
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What does Epictetus suggest?
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Stoicism
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What is stoicism
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held the principles of logical thought to reflect a cosmic reason instantiated in nature.
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What is Epicurus' big argument?
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Hedonism, pleasure, leads to happiness.
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What does Epicurus say about fearing death?
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DON'T, because it's not something you'll ever have to deal with technically.
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What does Epictetus say about death?
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Don't fear it because it's out of your control. THings you don't control, are things not to worry over.
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Who talked about atomism?
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Epicurus.
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What is atomism?
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There are tiny things, and then voids around them.
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What did Epicurus say about friendship?
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It is VITAL. it contributes, he claimed, more than anything else to the good and pleasant life.
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How did Epicurus support his big argument?
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-Hedonism is happiness
-Don't fear death -Friendship is the greatest thing ever. |
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Who discussed existentialism?
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Sartre
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Who wrote "Nausea"?
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Satre
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Who thinks a crab is following him
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Sartre
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Who wrote "Being and Nothingness"?
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Sartre
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How does Sartre define existentialism?
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"Existence precedes essence"
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What are the types of existenialists?
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theistic and atheistic
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What is Sartre's big argument?
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existentialism means we are free to do what we want.
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How does Sartre support his big argument?
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- Says we control our fate, and we are responsible.
- We are condemned to freedom -Anguish (realizing we are free sucks) |
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What is Camus' big argument?
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Whether or not we should commit suicide.
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Who wrote "Myth of Sisyphus"?
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Carmus.
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What is the most important question to be answered, says Carmus?
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Should we kill ourselves?
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What is Carmus' big argument?
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Life is absurd, maybe we should kill ourselves.
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How does Carmus support his big argument?
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-Nature is indifferrent
-Death is final -Reflective gaps make us realize life sucks -Myth of Syssuphus means the part where we walk down the hill sucks |
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Why is life tragic, says Carmus?
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It is tragic because life is pointless, and we are aware of that.
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What is Nagel's big argument?
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A mouse's life is not absurb because it is not self-aware.
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"Is a life of a mouse absurd"?
1. Camus? 2. Nagel? |
Camus says yes, but not tragic because it's not aware. Nagel says no, it's not aware so it doesn't matter.
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Who supports optimistic existentialism?
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Nagel
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How does Nagel support his argument?
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-Mouse example
-Subjectivity -Fuck how aburd life is; scorn that shit |
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What is Russell's big argument?
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We are all very much alone.
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What is the value of philosophy? (According to who?)
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Russell says asking questions is.
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What is attacking the person making the argument, not the argument itselrf?
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Ad Hominem
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What is an appeal to a false authority?
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Ad verecandium.
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What is an assumed conclusion?
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Circular reasoning, Petio Princippi
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What fallacy says that the lack of evidence is evidence of something?
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Ad Ignorantium
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What is the belief that the parts have the same properties as the whole.
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Fallacy of composition
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Essay: Why should i-be-just-if-can-get-away-with-unjust?
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-We become slaves, as plato says
-there IS a punishment via social contract -we are ONLY just when we act assuming there is no punishment |
