Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Philosophy |
Phil- Love ... Sophy- knowledge/wisdom what makes us so interesting-- the capacity/awareness of thought/knowledge Define- "a critical investigation into the nature of reality" if and how we can know about that reality and what we should do in response to that knowledge/reality. |
|
|
Epistomology |
Theory of knowledge -- what is knowledge in the first place?-- how do we come to get it?-- what are it's limits?--Why are we right in thinking we know anything at all?. |
|
|
Metaphysics-Ontology |
what there is, the way things are, how things work, structure of reality or being Ex-- does god exist? do persons have free will? what is time? what is consciousness? does the mind equal the brain? |
|
|
Value Theory-Axiology |
concerned with evaluative claims or assertions that descriptive ones (should/ought) what is good? what is right? Ethics/Moral Philosophy- tries to give definitions/conditions for these concepts: good, justice, oppression. Aesthetics-theory of beauty Social/political philosophy |
|
|
Premises |
Demonstrate or support conclusion to be true. |
|
|
Claims/Propositions |
A sentence with a truth value, assertion that such and such is the case |
|
|
Deductive Arguments |
an argument is deductive if and only if the truth of the premises is intended to guarantee the truth of the conclusion. |
|
|
Validity |
an argument is valid if and only if it is logically impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false. *validity in this sense is not about the actual truth of all aspects in the argument. |
|
|
Soundness |
an argument is sound if and only if all the premises are true and the argument is valid. |
|
|
Conditional |
any if...then claim antecedent- if part consequent- then part false- when antecedent is true and consequent is false true- when antecedent false but consequent false, when both are true, and both are false, |
|
|
Modus Ponens |
P1-If A then B P2-A... C-B |
|
|
Fallacy of affirming the consequent |
P1- If A then.. P2-B C-A |
|
|
Fallacy of denying the antecedent |
P1- If A then B P2- Not A C-Not B |
|
|
Modus Tollens |
P1- If A then B P2- Not B C1- Not A |
|
|
Non deductive arguments |
an argument where the truth of the premises cannot guarantee the truth of the conclusion but where the truth of the premises can show that it is highly likely that the conclusion is true. **cannot be valid or sound *most arguments |
|
|
Inductive arguments |
an argument that concludes a generalization from a finite umber of observed cases; an argument that concludes the next unobserved case will be like a finite number of observed cases |
|
|
Inference to the best explanation |
A 2 step argument (usually) where the single premise is some supposed fact about the world and the conclusion is an explanation for that fact Ex-- P1- there are boot prints in the sand C- someone was walking on the beach with boots |
