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54 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

2 forms from Plato

The beautiful and the forms

What form does Plato put these in?

Triangle

What are those terms in the triangle? Starting from top to bottom

The "Forms" (beauty)


Understanding (proportion, color, "know how"


Things (actual piece of art)


Images (photograph OF art)

Beauty (according to Plato)

Unity (simple or complex)


Measure


Proportion

How is proportion measured? (Plato)

Golden Ratio (Aristotle)

How do we experience beauty ? (Plato)

When we contemplate the object (of the form)

Examples of Beauty (Plato)

Religious music, Religious statuary (Buddah)

Beauty can also be (Plato)

Gay


Spirited


Comedy

Who said only 1 World, that these forms are embedded in nature ?

St. Thomas Aquinas

Beauty (according to Aquinas)

That which pleases when seen; calming of desire (subjective)

Aquinas, Cognitive; Objective in a things ?

Perfection


Harmony


Clarity

Beauty to Taste (Aesthetics)

Baumgarten's

What did Aesthetics mean to Baumgarten?

Meant senses/cognition (from the Greek for perception) and this led to taste

Is Baumgartens theory subjective or objective ?

Both


Objective (Redness)


Subjective (mental stated which all ppl share) related concepts (sublime, novelty, & picturesque)

What was beauty to Hutcheson?

An idea in us that arises from an external body

Criteria for an object (Hutcheson)

"Uniformity in variety"

Problem w/uniformity in variety

Which causes pleasure in the mind of the subject


Counterargument -can't count for simple beauty like red

Problem w/ Hutchesons Uniformity in Variety

Selfish - because beauty is unmediated by thought like the taste of salt or sugar.

Is Hutchesons theory Passive or automatic?

Both

Refutations of Hutchesons theory

Physical defects (poor eyesight)


Association of ideas (being in a bad mood when you hear a certain piece)

Burke

Sublime vs. The beautiful

Internal sense

Burke

Beauty equals ? (Burke)

Love

What list does Burke use?

Short list


Ex. Smallness, smoothness, shiny

The sublime equals (Burke)

Delight (relative pleasure or the abatement of pain)

Great size, obscure things, things that normally threaten but don't because we are secure (mountains, storms)

Burke

How is Burke disinterested but not like Shaftsbury?

You can have love and desire sometimes (sex) and love with no desire (no sex)

Hume is strictly ?

Empirical

Hume has what kind of list ?

Long

Hume says taste is a ?

Subjective feeling but it is brought about by features that objectively in things.

Alison

Association of ideas

An "emotion of taste" through? (Alison)

Sensibility or imagination

Is alison disinterested ?

Yes

The diagram that Alison uses (hypothetical syllogism)

Some perception causes a simple emotion- a thought is produced in the imagination- this thought - another thought of imagination = delight

The objective world (art) is a sign of our mind ( natural beauty is Gods)

Alison

Stand for Alison

It is possible for anything to be beautiful through associations

CA for Alison (....beautiful through associations)

Can a blind person still see beauty in color

Ref for Alison (...beautiful through associations)

But can a blind person still make associations ? Yes but radically different

Another CA for Alison

Critism destroys the emotion of taste

Another ref for Alison (critism destroys emotion of taste )

Criticism does not equal appreciation

Continental but still concerned with taste

Kant

What is the first critique of Kant ?

Pure Reason (metaphysics & epistemology)

What is the 2nd critique of Kant?

Practical Reasons (ethics)

What is the 3rd technique of Kant ?

Judgment (Aesthetics) Beauty in nature is the form of a purposive / teleological (designed) system

Kant didn't know about

Evolution

What is Disinterestness?

Desire for that thing to exist but indifference towards it


Ex. Painting of fruit doesn't make you hungry by looking at it

What is Universality ? (Kant)

If disinterested, then universal.


Ordinary cognitive faculties operate in an unordinary way

What is necessity ? (Kant)

Similar to universality, in all that, normally constituted ppl, function similarly.


CA- not all ppl agree


Ref they should

What is form of purpose ? ( kant)

True purpose, but the form of a purpose - color, but form, because form is a priori.


CA- captures things that are ugly as well ex. Birds


CA- can't account for degrees of beauty


CA - sometimes its all about color not form


Refutation- but color always has some form (what its on)

What 3 are for the subject ? (Kant )

Disinterestedness


Universality


Necessity

Which 1 is for the object ? (kant)

Form of Purpose

What is beauty according to Schopenhauer?

Anything that isn't obscene or nauseating

What is a CA for Schopenhauer?

Very 'cosmic' way of thinking of beauty (taste, aesthetics)

Refutation for Schopenhauer

We do have the cosmetic relation sometimes too (music)