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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Philosophy is the...
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1. Search for self - understanding
2. Love and pursuit of wisdom 3. Asking of questions about the meaning of our basic concepts 4. Search for fundamental beliefs that are rationally justified |
4 points of philosophy
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What do philosophers study?
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Logic, metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of religion, ethics, political philosophy
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Apology
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A formal defense
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Socrates' Method
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1. Unpacks philosophical issues in topic
2. Isolates key philosophical terms 3. Professes ignorance and requests help 4. Companion proposes definition 5. Analyzes definition to propose weaknesses 6. Subject proposes another definition (repeat 5 and 6) 7. Subject is made to face his own ignorance |
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Socrates' Teachings
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1. The unexamined life is not worth living
2. The most important task in life is caring for the soul 3. A good person cannot be harmed by others |
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Evaluating Philosophical Claims and Theories
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Clarity, consistency, coherence, comprehensiveness, compatibility, compelling arguements
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Logical inconsistency
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Two assertions that can not both be true under any circumstance
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Self - referential inconsistency
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an assertion that implies it itself cannot be true, cannot be known to be true, or should not be believed
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argument
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a set of statements in which one or more of the statements attempt to provide evidence to another statement
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premise
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a statement that serves to provide evidence for the truth of the claim
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conclusion
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The statement in an argument that the premises are claimed to support or imply
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Premise indicators
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terms that indicate a premise will follow: since, because, for, given that
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Conclusion indicators
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terms that usually indicate a conclusion will follow: therefore, so, hence, thus, consequently
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logic
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The study of methods for evaluating arguments and reasoning
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deductive arguments
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an argument in which it is claimed that the conclusion necessarily follows from the premise
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inductive arguments
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an argument in which it is claimed that the premises make the conclusion highly probable
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Valid argument
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an argument where it is impossible for the premise to be true and the conclusion false
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invalid argument
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an argument where the truth of the conclusion fails to logically follow from the premises
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Sound argument
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a valid argument with true premises
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strong argument
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an inductive argument in which true premises would make the conclusion highly probable
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cogent argument
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a strong argument that has true premises
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inference to the best explanation
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a form of reasoning that tries to show that a particular theory is superior to all its competitors and that it is therefore the one most likely to be true
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