Philosophy (Final Exam)

Front 1

Phenomenal world

Back 1

As it appears to us., Experience, Substances, objects, space and time, attributes, causality, cause and effect, science and senses, Knowledge, Characteristics of our mind, Mind-constructed reality, NO GOD, IMMORTAL SOUL, FREE WILL.

Front 2

Noumenal World

Back 2

Objective World, True reality, Mind Independent, You can't know it because you can't escape your mind, transcendental idea, GOD, SOUL/FREEWILL, MORALITY, RELIGION,

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Sensibility

Back 3

In epistemology, the quality of being apprehensible by one or more of the five senses. Receptive Faculty, receives data from the senses, Does not think, no awareness, receives signals and data, no organizing, interrupting.

Front 4

Intuition

Back 4

The faculty by which truth is apprehended immediately, apart from the sense experience or other ideas; in Kant, perceptual awareness of things. Introduce some level of order to sense data, rational, space and time.

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Understanding

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12 categories of the understanding. Rational, organizing, ordering, to make sense. Coherent experience of our world.

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Humes Impressions and Ideas

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All we have are perceptions. Impressions- vividly or lively sensations, immediate data of experience. Ideas- sort of pale copies of impressions which provide the material for thinking.

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Kants Categories of the Understanding

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Substance- "that which underlies upholds.", The foundation that underlies sensible qualities or intellectual activities.
Attribute- property or characteristic attributed to or predicated of something.
Cause and effect.

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Humes Copy Principle

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An idea is meaningful if and only if it can be treated back to an impression. NO Impression= NO idea

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Matters of Fact

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Use senses to confirm truths, Tell us about the world.

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Relations of Ideas

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A priori, propositions are by definition= use reason, not the senses= trivial they do not tell us anything new about the world

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Laws of Association

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How to combine ideas/impressions
Cause and Effect- Barry= expensive -> Loans and Debt, Resemblance = Alike, Contiguity- Next to

Front 12

Innate Ideas

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the view that at least some ideas are inborn, present to the mind at birth.

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Casual Proof of God

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1. I have an idea of a perfect being, 2, Every idea must have a cause, 3. Cause of my idea must be as real as the idea/effect, 4. I'm imperfect, so I cant be the cause of my idea of God. 5. Therefore God exists as the cause of my idea of God.

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Ontological Proof

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1. God by definition is a perfect being., 2. Existence is part of perfection. 3. God exists.

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Proof that Matter Exists

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Dualism, Mind and Body, Non-physical and brain extension, Free and Immortal and Person. Form/Essence=Matter

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Descartes' Method

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Interactionism-after all there is some kind of interaction between two essentially different substances. Reconcile science (physical world) and religion, mind/soul (non-physical) spiritual,= Free to sin, salvation, afterlife, morality.

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Epistemology

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the study or theory of knowledge

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Hume's Phenomenalism

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the view that we have no rational knowledge of anything, including the mind, beyond what is disclosed in the phenomena of perceptions

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Rationalism

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the affirmation of reason in general, with its interest in evidence, examination, and evaluation as authoritative in all matter of belief and conduct, the belief that at least some truths about reality are acquired independently of sense experience, through reason alone ( strict sense)

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Empiricism

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the belief that knowledge about existing things is acquired through sense experience

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A priori

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in epistemology, pertaining to knowledge acquired independently of, or prior to, sense experience.

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A posteriori

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In epistemology, pertaining to knowledge acquired independently of, or prior to, sense experience.

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Hume's Skepticism

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Cant know, 1. God existing= no sense observations, 2, Mind=No, 3, Physical Objects., Irrational=No scientific evidence.

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I think therefore, I am

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I exist and I am, a thinking thing =mind. I have thoughts, beliefs. I doubt, I dream, I might be deceived.

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Reformation

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Belief in God is properly basic belief requiring no rational justification.

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enlightenment

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the enlightenment period. the new era of science, math over religion

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evil genius/demon

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source of in born ideas. creator, deceiver could put false ideas.

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primary qualities

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those sensible qualities of a thing that exist independent of a perceiver (size, shape, motion)

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secondary qualities

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those sensible qualities pertaining to a thing that depend for their existence and particular character on a perceiver and the perceivers particular sense organs, brain, and related organs. ( color, taste, sound)

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substance

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"that which underlies or upholds" used in modern philosophy to signify the foundation that underlies sensible qualities or intellectual activities.

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copernicus

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polish astronomer, advocate of the heliocentric model of the universe, which locates the sun in the center.

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Galileo

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italian physicist and astronomer whose heliocentric model of the universe held far-reaching philosophical and religious consequences.