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76 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Philosophy Tree
Renee De Carte

1. ethics- branches
2. philosophy of man- trunk
3. metaphysics/ ontology- roots
Philosopher and Life
He radically interrogates life
Nietzche
stop the split in philosophy and religion

changes the question of philosophy

"The good doctor"
Post Modernism
relativism

nihilism- nothing, no meaning to life

"it is not based on documents and faith but philosophy itself"
Christ the Philosopher & arguers
Dallas Willard

1. to call him a philosopher in beneath Christ--- speaks beyond our life

2. Gives him too much credit--- doesn't fit the philosopher mode
Philosophy Now?
1. doesn't look for answers
2. divorce science
3. radical description
The Beatitudes
The Sermon on the Mount

1. follows the law or the spirit of the law (spirit =heart)
2. the kingdom is there-- reach out
3. spiritual zero--- their kingdom of heaven
Paradigm
fundamental shift in thinking
6 contrast in the beatitudes
1. anger
2. sex/lust
3, marriage
4. persuasion
5. dealing with injury
6. enemies
6 things that causes a deed
1. personality
2. psychology
3. body
4. instinct
5. little choices
Methods of the Inner Realm
1. Earthy-- Spiritual Realm
2. Hyperbole-- Inversion
3. Real factual situation
4. Recognition of the Dark Forces
The Gay Science
Die Freudliche Wissenschatt

"Media Vitae"-- middle
Topics of Gay Science
1. Death of God-- first articultate-- transition in man kind
2. Eternal Return
3. Will to Power
4. Critique of Morality-- Geology of Moral
Before Gay Science
Philology- Greek, Latin, German, French and English
The Birth of Tragedy
Nietzsche 1st work
failure--- pushed out as a teacher

focus- Greek Tragedy and music = mood

Best writing are Greek Trag.
Types of Greek Tragedy
1. Apollo: Homer-- order, sight, dream
2. Dionysus: Archilocus-- mood
Apollonian v. Dionysian
majority focus on the Apollonian

Nietzsche- Greek darker side, Dionysian
The Eise and Abuse of History for Life
2nd Writing

method of Genealogy-- critical history
Ask the reason of ethics, religion, and morals
Historians molds us.
Genealogy
history of origins
Critical History is distinguished from:
1. monumental history- great events
2. antiquarian history- obsessed by minutia of history
Iconoclastic
destruction of icons
Untimely Mediation: The Wanderer and his Shadow
1. personal
2. existential
3. chooses his audience

** few can understand-- friends, Th rest esoteric/herd"
The Gay Science
all styles together
uses aphorisms
-
Aphorisms
short, self contain, philosophical piece-- gives a problem
Nietzsche's Aphorism
Purpose of Existence?

benefit of mankind-- preserve and benefit the species
Pharmakon
medicine and poison
Myopia
short sidedness

What is harmful, what we distinguish as good and bad

**the bad can benefit the species"
Pharmakon and Myopia
Challenges the myopia

With writing: what we see heals turn into poison
Karl Jasper
wrote about Nietzche-- revived his work
Ecce Homo
autobiography of Nietzsche

Against German Philosophy-- the way they live-- affect their thought
Dharmacon
we suffer from tragedy, alleviate our suffering, addicted to our tragedy
Tragedy
promote the species by faith in life-- purpose of existance
Comedy
important, suffering insignificant

Relax intention
Interlocutors
a person who takes part in a conversation

Book 1: Cephalus, Polemarchus, Thraymachus

Book 2- 10: Adeimentus, Glowcon
The City
is absurd
enter the city by the soul, the soul is being discussed while talking about the city
Perfect City
Resembles a monarchy-- Philosopher King
Piraeus
The Port City

Idea of ascending and descending form Athens
Why at Piraeus?
Goddess of the Moon Festival
1. pray to the goddess-- piety
2. observe-- critic towards the festival
Socrates Companion
Glaucoun- sight driven person
Apology
Charged for corrupting the youth by:
1. disbelief of the gods
2. defend thing that are not well, dumb

The Republic- Small Quarrel
Aporia
A conversation that goes back to the original definition and fixes it.
Cephalus' Justice
1. telling the truth and returning what you receive
Polmarchus' Justice
"giving each his due"- Simonides

doing good to your friends
doing harm to your enemies
Thrasymachus' Justice
1. Justice is for the advantage of the Stronger
2. Complete injustice is best (Socrates focuses on)→Tyranny

Justice- simple minded
Injustice- Virtue
Debate v. Philosophy
1. Debate: The juror is someone else
2. Philosophy: you are the juror
Reason and Logic
1. Set each statement side from side to each other
2. Then we compare, if there is a confluence and we have to go back to the basics
Doxa
Opinion, seeming, initial insight
Philosopher v. Sophist
Sophist
1. For one owns benefit
2. Good at debate/ helps the “rich kids”
3. Give you the true for a fee
Three reasons for Good
1. Immediate pleasure
2. Rewards
3. Future rewards and pleasure
Adementus Genealogy of Justice
State of nature there is no justice

The weak
1. origin of justice come from the multitude
2. suffers injustice-- painful
3. does justice-- gain pleasure
Myth of Gyges
A ring that allows people to be invisible

1. Unjust man: becomes a Tyrant

2. Just man: just want to appear just, but in private over time he will become a Tyrant
poets
valet of some morality, hypocrites
1st City
a. Simple, Self Sufficient, Small
b. Justice: Do your job don’t worry about anyone else
c. No one would attack the city
d. When one want more beyond themselves, the city collapse
e. Justice is complete order of the soul, not wanting anything more than we need
2nd City
a. Indulgent City
b. City will expand – more elaborate trade
c. Need more land for the expansion of city
d. Take land from neighbors and cause a war
e. Origin of War: desire of possessions
Guardians
a. Dogs: Hostile to strangers, loving to those they know
b. Best Guardians of people they know
c. Gaurdian of the city:
i. Must love knowledge
ii.Must love people who love knowledge (philosophers)
d. “to become a good guardian, a man must be by nature fast, strong, and a spirited philosopher”
Guardian Education
1. music and gymnastics
2. gods cannot be depicted
3. heroes cannot be misrepresented
Gods
Epitome of Beauty and Perfection

1. cannot change themselves- everything is worse than them

2. they cannot be change by anyone else- most powerful

3. There can't be more than one God
Four Cardinal Virtues
1. Courage
2. Moderation
3. Wisdom
4. Justice
Courage and Moderation
important!!
control over passion:
1. Desire- thirst
2. Reason- Sewer water
Pro Guardian
1. military-- fireman
2. Common Good- "naturally" empathetic
Anti Guardian
1. Lack of Freedom
2. De-Sexualized
3. Communist
4.Sexual Calendar
Role of Women
1. Guardians reject the distinction
2. Children are raise by someone else-- liberate mother and helps them with the guardianship
Guardians Happy?
1. Cannot want-- what they don't know
2. Ignorance is bliss
3. Eudemonia- well spiritedness
Philosopher King
naturally rebellious can lead to tyranny
Hermeneutics
the middle
I-X: talks about the philosopher
II-X: allegory of the cave
Trilogy
1. Theatrery
2. Sophist
3. Statesman

**never wrote about the philosopher**

rarely mention the philosopher-- only republic
Philosopher's Vices
1. Not concern with others
2. Useless
3. Talks to other useless things
4. Lack Common Sense
5. Displaces God/ God ideas
6. Making young men to become usless
Philosopher's Virtues
1. truth for itself
2. justice
3. ultimate beauty
4. Tyrannical Aguements
City Vice and Virtue
Vice: Tyrannical in Nature
Virtue: Where the philosopher arise from
Difference from the Philosopher and the masses
1. voracious appetite-- eros/ erotic appetite for knowledge
2. Philosopher has Ideas
Has a stable edios, but yet in motion
eidos
facade of something
Tension between Philosophy and the City
Philosopher:
1. rare
2. flourishes in particular regimes
3. even though requires regime-- doesn't trust
4. reason

City
1. deprives freedom
2. useless (cloud)
Who is the Philosopher
Has ideas, heterogeneous
being from become, each idea is unique

jack of all trades but focus on philosophy

Eros of wonder- reserved
Types of Ideas
1. Beautiful
2. Truth
3. Virtue
A-priori
truth is prior or doesn't depend on experience
A-posteriori
truth necessitates the experience