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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Philosophy |
The Study of knowledge |
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Epistemology |
The theory of knowledge |
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Metaphysics |
Deals with the first principle of things |
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Ethics |
Deals with moral principles |
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Relativism |
Knowledge, truth and morality exist but are not absolute |
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Argument (logic) |
Statement used to persuade something |
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Inductive Reasoning |
Premises are formed to be true most of the time |
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Deductive Reasoning |
Conclusion assumed to be true |
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Cogency |
Quality of being clear |
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Sophists |
A person who reasons with clever arguments |
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Psyche |
The human soul |
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A prior knowledge/ideas |
Knowledge that is independent |
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A posterior knowledge/ ideas |
Knowledge that is dependent |
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Asceticism |
Severe self-discipline & avoidance of indulgence |
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Nirvana |
Satisfaction, at peace |
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Bodhisattva |
Spontaneous wish to obtain Buddha |
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Hedonism |
Pursuit of pleasure |
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Altruism |
Concern for the well-being of others |
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Existentialism |
Existence of an individual |
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The absurd |
Human tendency to seek the meaning of life |
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Argument ad hominem |
Attacking the character |
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Straw man |
Ignoring the question |
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Slippery slope |
If we allow A to happen, then Z will eventually happen too |
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Ontological argument |
A prior and necessary premises to the conclusion that God exists |
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Teleology |
Explanation of phenomenon by the purpose they serve |
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Teleological argument |
Argument for the existence of God |
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Theodicy |
Vindication of divine goodness |
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Theism |
Belief in the existence of a God |
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Atheism |
Don't believe in a God |
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Agnosticism |
View that the truth values of certain claims are unknown & perhaps unknowable |
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Ex nihilo nihil fit |
Out of nothing comes nothing |
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Nihilism |
The rejection of all religious and moral principles |
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The ethical stage of life |
Accept moral standards and do our duty |
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The aesthetic stage of life |
Existence, a single individual as a single individual |
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The religious stage of life |
Leap to passionate commitment to God |
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Pragmatism |
Assesses the truth of meaning of theories |
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Psychological egoism |
Humans are always motivated by self-interest |
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Ethical egoism |
Do whats in their own self-interest |
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Psychological hedonism |
Ultimate motive for all human action is pleasure, to avoid pain |
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Ethical hedonism |
Our fundamental moral is to maximize pleasure and happiness |
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Ataraxia |
Peace of mind, tranquility |
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Aponia |
Absence of pain |
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Correspondence theory of truth |
Truth/ Falsity of a statement is determined by how it relates to the world |
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Coherence theory of truth |
Regards truth as coherence |
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Empiricism |
Knowledge is derived from sense experience |
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Solipsism |
The view/theory that the self is all that can be known to exist |
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Egocentric predicament |
Unable to go outside or see things out of your own mind |
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Eudaimonia |
Happiness, human flourishing |
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Is/Ought fallacy |
If things are a certain way, then they should be that way |
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Deontology |
Judges morality of an action |
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Maxim |
Principle or rule upon which one acts on |
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Inclination |
A persons natural tendency to act/ feel a certain way |
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Hypothetical imperative |
Commandment of reason that applies conditionally |
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Categorical imperative |
A way of evaluating motivations for actions |
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Practical imperative |
One should treat others as an end never a means |
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Autonomy |
Live ones life |
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Psychological hedonism |
Humans are constructed in a way that we desire pleasure |
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Ethical hedonism |
Views that fundamental morals is to maximize pleasure |
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Utilitaranism |
The result of an act is the real measure if it's good or bad |
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Principle of utility |
Pain and pleasure dictate how people think they should behave |
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Means/Ends distinction |
Used to get what you want |