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61 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Philosophy

The Study of knowledge

Epistemology

The theory of knowledge

Metaphysics

Deals with the first principle of things

Ethics

Deals with moral principles

Relativism

Knowledge, truth and morality exist but are not absolute

Argument (logic)

Statement used to persuade something

Inductive Reasoning

Premises are formed to be true most of the time

Deductive Reasoning

Conclusion assumed to be true

Cogency

Quality of being clear

Sophists

A person who reasons with clever arguments

Psyche

The human soul

A prior knowledge/ideas

Knowledge that is independent

A posterior knowledge/ ideas

Knowledge that is dependent

Asceticism

Severe self-discipline & avoidance of indulgence

Nirvana

Satisfaction, at peace

Bodhisattva

Spontaneous wish to obtain Buddha

Hedonism

Pursuit of pleasure

Altruism

Concern for the well-being of others

Existentialism

Existence of an individual

The absurd

Human tendency to seek the meaning of life

Argument ad hominem

Attacking the character

Straw man

Ignoring the question

Slippery slope

If we allow A to happen, then Z will eventually happen too

Ontological argument

A prior and necessary premises to the conclusion that God exists

Teleology

Explanation of phenomenon by the purpose they serve

Teleological argument

Argument for the existence of God

Theodicy

Vindication of divine goodness

Theism

Belief in the existence of a God

Atheism

Don't believe in a God

Agnosticism

View that the truth values of certain claims are unknown & perhaps unknowable

Ex nihilo nihil fit

Out of nothing comes nothing

Nihilism

The rejection of all religious and moral principles

The ethical stage of life

Accept moral standards and do our duty

The aesthetic stage of life

Existence, a single individual as a single individual

The religious stage of life

Leap to passionate commitment to God

Pragmatism

Assesses the truth of meaning of theories

Psychological egoism

Humans are always motivated by self-interest

Ethical egoism

Do whats in their own self-interest

Psychological hedonism

Ultimate motive for all human action is pleasure, to avoid pain

Ethical hedonism

Our fundamental moral is to maximize pleasure and happiness

Ataraxia

Peace of mind, tranquility

Aponia

Absence of pain

Correspondence theory of truth

Truth/ Falsity of a statement is determined by how it relates to the world

Coherence theory of truth

Regards truth as coherence

Empiricism

Knowledge is derived from sense experience

Solipsism

The view/theory that the self is all that can be known to exist

Egocentric predicament

Unable to go outside or see things out of your own mind

Eudaimonia

Happiness, human flourishing

Is/Ought fallacy

If things are a certain way, then they should be that way

Deontology

Judges morality of an action

Maxim

Principle or rule upon which one acts on

Inclination

A persons natural tendency to act/ feel a certain way

Hypothetical imperative

Commandment of reason that applies conditionally

Categorical imperative

A way of evaluating motivations for actions

Practical imperative

One should treat others as an end never a means

Autonomy

Live ones life

Psychological hedonism

Humans are constructed in a way that we desire pleasure

Ethical hedonism

Views that fundamental morals is to maximize pleasure

Utilitaranism

The result of an act is the real measure if it's good or bad

Principle of utility

Pain and pleasure dictate how people think they should behave

Means/Ends distinction

Used to get what you want