Philosophy 330

Front 1

Autonomous choice requires action that is:

Back 1

1. Intentional
2. With understanding
3. Without controlling influences

Hint 1

(3 answers)

Front 2

Negative requirements of respect for autonomy:

Back 2

To refrain controlling so long as the action does not harm others.

Hint 2

(1 answer)

Front 3

Positive requirements of respect for autonomy:

Back 3

1. To make people aware of their options, sometimes to increase one's options
2. To permit and facilitate understanding of their options

Hint 3

(2 answers)

Front 4

Rules for application of the principle of respect for autonomy in medical professionals:

Back 4

1. Tell the truth
2. Respect privacy
3. Protect confidentiality
4. Obtain informed consent
5. When asked, help to make important decisions

Hint 4

(5 answers)

Front 5

Kinds of consent:

Back 5

1. Expressed consent
2. Tacit consent
3. Implied/implicit consent
4. Presumed consent
5. Future/deferred consent

Hint 5

(5 answers)

Front 6

Expressed consent

Back 6

Agreement offered linguistically of through conventional gestures. The basic paradigm of consent

Front 7

Tacit consent

Back 7

Agreement offered silently by not refusing.

Front 8

Implied/implicit consent

Back 8

Agreement that is inferred by others on the basis of actions

Front 9

Presumed consent

Back 9

Agreement that is inferred by others on the basis of what we know about the person's values and other actual choices.

Front 10

Future/deferred consent

Back 10

Agreement after the fact.

Front 11

Elements of informed consent

Back 11

1. Threshold
2. Informational
3. Consent

Hint 11

(3 answers)

Front 12

Threshold elements

Back 12

1. Competence to understand and decide
2. Voluntariness in deciding

Hint 12

(2 answers)

Front 13

Informational elements

Back 13

3. Disclosure of material information
4. Recommendation of a plan
5. Understanding of 3 and 4

Hint 13

(3 answers)

Front 14

Consent Elements

Back 14

6. Decision in favor of a plan
7. Authorization of the chosen plan

Hint 14

(2 answers)

Front 15

Elements of Competence

Back 15

1. To understand the material information
2. To make judgements about the information in light of their values
3. To intend a certain outcome
4. To communicate freely their wishes in light of their values.

Hint 15

(4 answers)

Front 16

Kinds of influence

Back 16

1. Coercion
2. Manipulation
3. Persuasion

Hint 16

(3 answers)

Front 17

Coercion

Back 17

Influence is coercion if and only if one person intentionally uses a credible and severe threat of harm or force to control another person

Front 18

Manipulation

Back 18

Influence in manipulation if and only if one person intentionally uses control over information or emotional appeals to control another person

Front 19

Persuasion

Back 19

Influence is persuasion if and only if one person intentionally uses reason to bring about a belief in the other

INFLUENCE BY PERSUASION DOES NOT COMPROMISE VOLUNTARINESS

Front 20

Material information that mus be disclosed:

Back 20

1. Those facts or descriptions that patients or subjects usually consider material in deciding whether to refuse or consent to the proposed intervention or research.
2. Information the profession believes to be material
3. The professional's recommendation
4. The purpose of seeking consent.
5. The nature and limits of consent as an act of authorization

Hint 20

(5 answers)

Front 21

Understanding=

Back 21

has acquired pertinent information about the diagnosis, prognosis, the nature and purpose of the intervention, alternatives, risks and benefits, and recommendations, and has JUSTIFIED, relevant beliefs about the nature and consequences of his or her action.

Front 22

Kinds of surrogate decision making

Back 22

1. Substituted judgement
2. Pure autonomy
3. Best interests

Hint 22

(3 answers)

Front 23

Substituted Judgement

Back 23

The surrogate should make the decision that the incompetent patient would have made if competent.

Front 24

Pure Autonomy

Back 24

The surrogate should make the decision that the incompetent patient expressed autonomously while still competent

Front 25

Best Interest

Back 25

The surrogate should make the decision that most benefits the patient, taking into consideration both the benefits and risks or costs