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15 Cards in this Set

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refers to that branch of philosophy that critically evaluates the nature, methodology,limitation, and origin of human knowledge.

Epistemology

Rationalists vs Empiricists

Rationalists - From our reasoning powers


Sensescannot be trusted ….. Man knows by Reason Alone.Ex:Plato, St. Augustine, Benedict Spinoza, Gottfried Leibniz, Rene Descartes




Empiricists - From empirical observations


Allour knowledge we have comes from experience. Ex:Aristotle, John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume

Mediatorbetween Rationalism and Empiricism, Noumenal and Phenomenal Worlds.

Immanuel Kant




“Butthrough all our knowledge begins with experience, it does not follow that itall arises out of experience. For it may well be that even our empiricalknowledge is made up of what we receive through [sense] impressions and of whatour own faculty of knowledge…..supplies from itself.”

Kantholds that the mind possesses mental “categories.” These categories organizeour perceptions into the orderly world we experience.




What is this?

Transcendental Principle of Unity




Theworld as we experience it results in part from the sensations provided by oursenses, and in part from the workings of the mind.




The sense provide the content or stuff of experience; the mind provides itsform or orderly structures.

Phenomenal vs. Noumenal

Kant called the world thatour minds construct and that we seem to see around us the “phenomenal” world.




The world as it might really we apart from our mind he called the “noumenal” world.

Who was to have wrought (bring about) a Copernican revolution inknowledge?

Kant





Kant’sRevolutionary claim that the world must conform to the mind is often referredto as the Copernican revolution in knowledge.

Geocentricism --> Heliocentricism




Mind must conform to world --> World must conform to the mind.

2 types of reasoning errors

Type1: Believing a Falsehood




Type 2: Rejecting a Truth




OurGoal: Seek truth and avoid error

Remember

Knowledgeimplies belief, but belief does not imply knowledge.

Know the tripartite definition of knowledge.

Justifiedtrue belief.

Who claimed that the mindwas a “blank slate?”

Tabula Rasa (John Locke)




All of our knowledge is derived from experience.

Why knowing the truth can be important...

BELIEF(S) --> ACTION

Tripartite Definition of Knowledge

Justification - Truth - Belief

Rationalism vs. Empiricism

Rationalism (Priori) - The position that reason alone, without the aid of sensory information,is capable of arriving at some knowledge, at some undeniable truths.




Empiricism (Posteriori) - Theposition that knowledge has its origins in and derives all of its content fromexperience.

Corporeal vs. Incorporeal

Material Stuff ≠ Mental Stuff




Material Stuff = Corporeal




Mental Stuff =Incorporeal