Philosophy 102- Major Philosophers

Front 1

Descarte

Back 1

-Mind/Body Duality
-"I think, therefore I am."

Front 2

Locke

Back 2

-Empiricist
-Mind is a composite substance
-As long as conciousness stays the same, identity stays the same

Front 3

Reid

Back 3

-Soul is simple, indivisible with no parts, non-physical, and indestructible

Front 4

Hume

Back 4

-No soul
-Sense impressions
-Self is a collection of perceptions bound together by continuity, contiguity, and causation.
-Passion rules reason.
-When the brain dies, so does the self.

Front 5

Kant

Back 5

-Unity and continuity necessary conditions for conciousness.
-Experience and perception dependent upon the subject.
-Noumenal and phenomenal self.

Front 6

Plato

Back 6

-Tripartite Soul- rational, spirited, appetite
-Four virtues- wisdom (philosopher king), courage (guardians), moderation (commoners), justice
-Men and women in the guardian class should be educated and those who excel should be philosopher kings.

Front 7

Aristotle

Back 7

-3 telos of humans: life of nutrition, life of sense, logos
-3 types of life we can pursue: life of cattle (pleasure and pain), life of active citizenship (honor), life of contemplation
-Moral habit and intellectual virtue
-Mind and body together
-Knowledge comes from observation of the physical world.

Front 8

Buddhism

Back 8

-Life is suffering
-We can only extinguish desire when we negate our ego
-Karma- the quality of your actions
-When we attach ourselves to material objects, our desires can never be satisfied.

Front 9

Existentialism

Back 9

-"Existence precedes essence."
-No universal human nature
-Human being is nothing but what he makes himself to be.
-2 aspects of human beings: being-in-itself and being-for-itself.
-Human conciousness is capable of negativity.
-We define the "other" in order to affirm the sovereignty of ourselves.

Front 10

Confucianism

Back 10

-Ru-learned scholar
-All learned people had to be proficient in the study of the classics.
-Both religion and philosophy
-focuses on relationships
-5 essential social relationships: parent-child (filial piety), husband-wife (differentiation), ruler-subject (appropriateness), siblings (deference), friends (trust)
-4 beginnings- feeling of commiseration, feeling of shame and dislike, feeling of respect and reverence, feeling of right and wrong.