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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Metaphysics is.. |
Study of reality |
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Epistemology is.. |
Study of Knowledge |
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Value Theory is.. |
Study of value including moral, aesthetic, social, and political values. |
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Logic is.. |
Principles of right reasoning. |
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Four fields of philosophy (we've covered til now) |
1) Metaphysics 2) Epistemology 3) Value Theory 4) Logic |
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Three approaches / conceptions of philosophy: |
1. Speculative 2. Existentialism 3. Analytical |
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Speculative approach: |
Systems based approach. Reality is understood as an ordered whole, which is to be fathomed by an appeal to a system of universal truths. |
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Existential approach: |
Anti systematic. The purpose of philosophy is not to arrive at a system of general truths about reality but to emphasize the concretely existing individual, involving al of the provlems the individual confronts. |
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Analytical approach: |
The focus of philosophy should be on its language in order to arrive at the clearest, most precise language that is hopefully able to resolve perennial questions. |
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Two kinds of arguments: |
1) Deductive 2) Inductive |
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Deductive arguments: |
Simply based on meaning/structure of the language. If the premises of a well-formed argument are true, the conclusion MUST be true. It's truth is a matter of necessity. |
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Inductive arguments: |
Based on day-to-day experiences. If the premises of an argument are true, the conclusion may still be false. Its truth is a matter of possibility. |
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Three laws of thought: |
* Non-contradiction * Excluded middle * Identity |
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Non-Contradiction law of thought |
A statement can't be both true and false. |
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Excluded middle law of though |
statement is either true or false |
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Identity law of thought |
If a statement is true, then it's true |
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Six Features of the Platonic Forms: |
1) Objective 2) Transcendent 3) Eternal 4) Intelligible 5) Archetypal 6) Perfect |
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Platonic forms: Objective |
They exist out there as objects, independently of our minds or wills. |
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Platonic forms: Transcendent |
Though they exist out there they do not exist in space and time. They lie as it were above or beyond space and time. |
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Platonic forms: Eternal |
As transcendent realities they are not subject to time and therefore not subject to motion or change. |
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Platonic forms: Intelligible: |
As transcendent realities they cannot be grasped by the senses but only by intellect |
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Platonic forms: Archetypal |
They are the models for every kind of thing that does or could exist. |
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Platonic forms: Perfect |
They include absolutely and perfectly all the features of the things of which they are the models. |
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Four causes: |
1) Material cause 2) Formal cause 3) Efficient 4) Final |
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Material cause |
Matter associated with a physical thing. What is an object made of. |
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Formal cause |
Structure associated with a physical thing. It's shape. |
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Efficient cause |
agent responsible for bringing a physical thing into being. What brought object to become said object |
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Final cause |
End/Purpose of physical thing. |
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The Divided Line - describe |
A vertical line split disproportionally in half (Physics and Metaphysics \ Visible and Intelligible world) the 2 parts are split in equally disproportionate parts [Physics: Shadows and reflections -> Physical things. Metaphysics: Universal understanding -> Forms] |
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The Ultimate Efficient Cause |
In order to account for the efficient cause of any physical thing we can't simply refer to other physical things, for the same question would apply to them as well. So in order to account for the efficient cause of any physical thing, we have to refer to a source that does not change and, so , is Pure Form [Unmoved Mover]. In order to find the ultimate beginning we can not look at physical things for answer as those physical things would have to come from somewhere as well. Thus we have to assume that the ultimate beginning 'originated from alternate reality'. That which can not be affected by our physical world. |
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Hylomorphic Composition: |
No matter without form. No form without matter. |
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Chorismos: |
Separation between the physical and what is supposed to cause the physical form. |