Philosophy 1

Front 1

logic

Back 1

how we should think if we are to be rational

Front 2

epistomology

Back 2

what is knowledge, how can we know we know

Front 3

Metaphysics

Back 3

is their free will, the nature of reality

Front 4

religion

Back 4

The existence of God, problem of evil.

Front 5

ethics

Back 5

morality, is it all relative, what is moral.

Front 6

polotics

Back 6

what makes it legitimate

Front 7

In Plato's Allegory of the Cave, Plato tells us that the world inside the cave represents

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the visible or sensible world.

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The world outside Plato's cave is

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he source and explanation for everything in the cave.

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The word 'philosophy' derives from the Greek words meaning

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To love wisdome

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Socrates referred to himself as

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the midwife of ideas.

Front 11

In his trial, Socrates compared himself to

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a gadfly that continually harasses people to wake them from their complacency.

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Plato's Allegory most clearly implies that

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knowledge requires that we abandon our reliance upon the senses and rely upon reason.

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Regarding justice, Plato's Allegory implies that

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acts are just if they participate in an eternal, unchanging Form of justice.

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The Socratic Method of inquiry involved all of the following except

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studying the empirical data to determine which definition best matches the data.

Front 15

Socrates concludes in the Apology that the oracle was actually saying that

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that person is wisest who, like Socrates, knows that he is ignorant.

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A reductio ad absurdum argument is

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an argument that attempts to show that your opponent's position leads to a contradiction.

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In Plato's Allegory, the sun represents

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the Idea or Form of the Good.

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Which of the following is not one of Socrates' teachings?

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Know thyself.

Care of the soul is the most important thing we can do.

The unexamined life is not worth living.

A good person cannot be harmed by others.

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Philosophy might best be described as a discipline that deals with questions about

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the meaning of our fundamental concepts and the justification of our basic beliefs.

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The principle that an action is moral if it is something we do naturally should first be criticized for lack of

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onceptual clarity.

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The proposition "You shouldn't tell people what they should and shouldn't do" is an example of

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A self-referential inconsistency.

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In a deductive argument

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the author intends for the conclusion to follow necessarily from the premises.

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Which of the following is a characteristic of a valid argument?

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If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

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Which of the following is a characteristic of a sound argument?

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All the premises are true.

The conclusion must be true.

If the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

All of the above.

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In a cogent argument, the premises are ____________ and the conclusion is __________.

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true / highly probable

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"Inference to the best explanation" or "abduction" would best be defined as

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an attempt to show that a theory is superior to all its competitors and is therefore probably true.

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If a speakers intends for the conclusion of her argument to follow necessarily from her premises, and the conclusion does in fact follow, but one or more of the premises is false, then what should you say about the argument?

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It is a valid, but unsound deductive argument.

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A philosophy can fail the criterion of rational coherence without being contradictory.

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true

Front 29

One of the six criteria listed in the text for evaluating a philosophy is emotional satisfaction.

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false

Front 30

An inference to the best explanation attempts to directly prove the truth of a theory.

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false

Front 31

The case of the neutrino was used to illustrate the fact that science deals only with what is directly observable.

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false

Front 32

"All universal (or general) claims are false" is an example of a self-referential inconsistency.

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true

Front 33

It is possible for a valid argument to have true premises and a false conclusion.

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false

Front 34

It is possible for a valid argument to have false premises and a true conclusion.

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true

Front 35

It is possible for an invalid argument to have true premises and a true conclusion.

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true

Front 36

If an argument is strong, the premises make the conclusion highly probable.

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true

Front 37

Regarding drawing inferences to the best explanation, how should you go about determining whether a theory or explanation is best?

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I should evaluate it for clarity, consistency, coherence, comprehensiveness, and so on.

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6 Cs

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clarity, consistency, coherence, comprehensiveness, compatibility, compelling

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Clarity

Back 39

expresses everything clearly

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In discussing "inference to the best explanation," the text pointed out that

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both science and philosophy make use of this method.

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Expressing two assertions that could not both be true under any possible circumstances is known as

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a logical inconsistency

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A valid argument with all true premises is called

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a sound argument

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In a sound argument, the conclusion is

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necessarily true.

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consistency

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no self-referential inconsistency (self-contradiction that states it cannot be true), logical inconstancy (two assertions that cannot both be true)

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coheranc

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how well it fits together.

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comprehensive

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explains a lot

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compatibility

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with well established theories.

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compellling

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Socratic method

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Unpack philosophical issues

Isolate key term for analysis

Profess ignorance

Companion propose definition

Analyze definition for weakness

Produce another definition

Subject face own ignorance

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Four approaches to philosophy

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Search for self understanding

Love of wisdom

Ask ? About basic concepts

Search for true fundamental beliefs